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transactional info vs analytical info
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packingslip, sales receipt and/or airline ticket
- vs
- product statistics, sales projections, future growth, and/or trends
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transactional information
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encompasses all the info contained within a single bus process or unit of workprimary
purpose to support performing of daily operational tasks
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scalability
refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands
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relational integrity constraint
rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints
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relational database advantages
- Increased flexibility
- Increased scalability and performance
- Reduced information redundancy
- Increased information integrity (quality)
- Increased information security
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relational database model
stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
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redundancy
duplication of info or storing the same info in multiple places
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real-time system
provides real-time information in response to query requests
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real-time information
immediate, up-to-date information
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primary key
a field that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
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physical view
physical storage of info on a storage device such as a hard disk
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performance
measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction
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network database model
a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
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logical view
focuses on how users logically access info to meet their particular bus needs
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integrity constraint
rules that help ensure the quality of info
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integration
allows seperate systems to communicate directly with ea other
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information integrity
measure of quality of info
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information granularity
refers to extent of detail within the info
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information cleansing or scrubbing
process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect or incomplete info
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hierarchical database model
information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships
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forward integration
takes info entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes
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foreign key
primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
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extraction transformation and loading
a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse
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a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored
- –The rows in each table contain the entities
- –In Figure 7.1 CUSTOMER includes Dave’s Sub Shop and Pizza Palace entities
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•a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
•primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes
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data-mining tools
uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior and guide decision making
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data mining
the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
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data mart
contains a subset of data warehouse information
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data-driven website
interactive website kept constantly updated and relevent to the needs of its customers through the use of a database
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database management system
software through which users and application programs interact with a database
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database
maintains info about various types of obj (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses).
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cube
common term for representation of multidimensional info
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business-critical integrity constraint
enforces bus rules vital to an org success and often requires more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints
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business intelligence
refers to applications and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to and analyze data and info to support decision-making efforts
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backward integration
takes info entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes
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•characteristics or properties of an entity class
- –The columns in each table contain the attributes
- –In Figure 7.1 attributes for CUSTOMER include Customer ID, Customer Name, Contact Name
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analytical information
encompasses all organizational info primary purpose to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks
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