949 Block 2 Med Term

Womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo & fetus develops

Upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterince tubes

Lining of the uterus, which is shed approximately every 28-30d in a nonpregnant female during menstruation

Muscular wall of the uterus

Tubes extending from each side of the uterus towards the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

Uterine tubes & ovaries (uterine appendages)

Right tube & ovary

Left tube & ovary

One of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova & female sex hormones

Neck of the uterus

Opening of the cervix to the uterus

Tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

External genitalia of the female

Folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening; known as teh labia majora & labia minora

Female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva

Fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

Entrance to the vagina

Two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

Region between the vulva & anus

Two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk

Nipple

Dark-pigmented area around the nipple

Developing organism from fertilization to the end of the 8th week

Developing organism from 9th week to birth

Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus

Innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus, filled with amniotic fluid

Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds & protects the fetus

Intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

Absense of menstruation

Painful menstruation

Scanty mentrual period

Absense of ovulation

Painful intercouse (coitus)

Abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

Excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation (menses)

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

Irregular ovulation

Inflammation of the cervix

Birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or a structure (ex: double uterus or absent vagina)

Congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue (teeth, bone, cartilage, hair); typically found in an ovary & usually benign

Displacement of the uterus from its normal position

Abnormal forward bending of the uterus

Abnormal backward bending of the uterus

Backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus

Condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

Inflammation of the endometrium

Benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle & fibrous connective tissue

Abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another

Abnormal opening between the vagina & rectum

Abnormal opening between the baldder & vagina

Abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

Potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation

CIN-1: mild dysplasia
CIN-2: moderate dysplasia
CIN-3: severe dysplasia

Malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adjacent structures

Cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones

Inflammation of one or both ovaries

Cyst of teh uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Scarring of the tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, injury

Inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, endometrium; most often caused by bacteria

Relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

Pouching of the bladder into the vagina

Pouching of the rectum into the vagina

Pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina & the rectum

Pouching of teh urethra into the vagina

Descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal

Inflammation of the fallopian tube

Inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, irritation; often caused by a specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (sexually transmitted parasite)

Thinning of the vagina & loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue

Infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge & an unpleasant odor; also known as nonspecific vaginitis

Most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms & is treated only after it has spread, such as after causing PID

Contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseiria gonorrhea; the term refers to the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be a leakage of semen; the genus is named for the Polish dermatologist Albert Neisser

Infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted via direct, intimate contact & that may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erode & form bloodless ulcers called chancres

Virus that causes an inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen & blod

Virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the gential & anorectal skin & mucosa; after the inital infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root & may recur at times of stress

Virus that causes AIDS, permitting various opportunistic infections, malignancies & neurologic diseases; contaminated blood or body fluid

Virus transmitted by direct sexual contact; infection can manifest on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals

Lesion that appears as a result of HPV; on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts & on the mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts

Malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue

Absence of a breast

Benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous & cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods

Development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels

Abnormally large breasts

Unusually small breasts

Inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding

Presence of more than two breasts

Presence of more than one nipple on a breast

Removal of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination

Needle draw of tissue or fluid from a cavity for cytologic examination

Removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure (ex: colposcopy)

Removal of an entire lesion for microscopic examination

Removal of a piece of suspicious tissue for microscopic examination (ex: cervical or endometrial biopsy)

Use of x-ray imaging, a specialized steriotactic frame & a computer to calculate, precisely locate & direct a needle into a breast lesion to remove a core specimen for biopsy

Biopsy of the sentinel node (the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor) in a breast with early cancer to determine metastases & if no malignancy is found, to avoid extensive removal of axillary nodes, which causes lymphedema (swelling under the arms); includes radionuclide imaging to locate the sentinal node (sentinal refers to guarding a point of entry)

Examination of the vagina & cercix using a colposcope, a specialized microscope which often has a camera attachment for photographs; used to document findings & for follow-up treatments

Use of hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities (ex: polyps, fibroids, anomalies)

Use of nonionizing images to detect gynecologic conditions (ex: anomalies of the pelvis or soft tissues of the breast) or to stage tumors arising from the endometrium or cervix

Study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer & other abnormalities

X-ray of the fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through the cervix; used to determine tubal patency (openness)

Low-dose x-ray imaging of breast tissue to detect neoplasm's

Ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

Ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes & ovaries made with the ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion

Transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline if injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or to determine tubal patency

Ultrasound image of the lower abdomen, including the bladder, uterus, tubes & ovaries, to detect conditions such as cysts & tumors

Breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions

Removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix

Suture to repair the vagina

Repair of a cystocele

Repair of a rectocele

Anterior & posterior repair of cystocele & rectocele

Method of destroying tissue by freezing; used for treating dysplasia & early cancers

Dilation of the cervix & scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception

Removal of the uterus

Removal of th uterus through an incision in the abdomen

Removal of the uterus through the vagina

Removal of the uterus & cervix

Inspection of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laproscope, which is an endoscope used to examine the abdominal & pelvic regions

Surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope

Use of a laser to destroy lesions or to dissect or cut tissue; used frequently in gynecology

Use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy & treatment of affected tissue (ex: cervical dysplasia or HPV lesions); note that the transformation zone is the area of the cervix (between the endocervix &
ectocervix), where the neoplasia—new abnormal cell formation—is most likely the arise

Excision of fibroid tumors

Excision of an ovary

Excision of an ovarian cyst

Excision of a uterine tube

Excision of both uterine tubes & ovaries

Incision into fallopian tube; often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy

Creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage

Sterilization of a woman by cutting & tying (ligating) the uterine tubes

Excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; usually followed by radiation or chemotherapy if the tumor is cancerous

Removal of a breast

Removal of an entire breast but with the underlying muscle & axillary lymph nodes left intact

Removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles & axillary lymph nodes

Removal of an entire breast & lymph nodes of the axilla

Surgical reconstruction of a breast

Reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant

Reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue

Elevation of pendulous breast tissue

Treatment of malignancies,
infections & other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected
cells or impair their ability to reproduce

Treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation to deter the
proliferation of malignant cells

Use of a hormone (ex:
estrogen or progesterone) to replace a deficiency or to regulate production

Hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation

Birth control pill

Injection of a contraceptive hormone (ex: Depo-Provera) into the body

Insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin to provide a continual infusion over an extended period

Products that provide a physical barrier to prevent conception (e: condoms or diaphragms)

Contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of a fertilized egg

Creams, jellies, lotions, foams containing agents that kill sperm (cid/o = to kill)

A pregnant woman; gravida followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies

Having never been pregnant

First pregnancy

To bear; a woman who has produced one or more viable (live outside the uterus) offspring; para followed
by a number indicates the number of times a pregnancy has resulted in a single or multiple birth

A woman who has not borne a child (nulli=none; para=to bear)

First delivery (primi=first; para=to bear)

Woman who has given birth to two or more children (multi=many; para=to bear)

Progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

Expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from last menstrual period (LMP)

Presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

Rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor

Large-bodied baby commonly
seen in diabetic pregnancies (macro=large; soma=body)

Excessive amniotic fluid

Gravida, para, abortus (abortions)

Term Infants, premature infants, abortions, living children

Expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable (able to live outside the uterus)

Miscarriage; naturally occurring expulsion of the products of conception

Spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception

Death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

Bleeding with the threat of miscarriage

Condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby’s head is too large or the
birth canal is too small

True toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs & feet,
severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions & coma

Toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema or the legs & feet
& puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma

Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or rarely, in the abdominal cavity

Disorder that results form the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor & a mother
with an Rh-negative blood factor, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; this condition necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus

Presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of RBCs that may cause a reaction between the blood of
the mother & the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia, which causes erythroblastosis fetalis

Presence of antigens

Absence of antigens

Severe nausea & vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother &
fetus (emesis=vomit)

Fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

Displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

Sampling of a placental tissue for microscopic & chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities

Aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

Aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

Obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery

Test performed on urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by the placenta), which indicates pregnancy

Ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

Ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina; useful for detecting pathology (ex: ectopic pregnancy or
missed abortion)

Ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development

Surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen & into the uterus

Dilation of the cervix & removal of the products of conception; most commonly performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, after a missed abortion

Incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby

Drug that causes abortion (ex: mifepristone—formerly known as RU-486)

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction; used to induce labor

Immunizing agent given to an Rh-negative mother within 72h after delivering an Rh-positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response

Drug used to stop labor contractions

Introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relieve fetal distress

Abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical reasons

Manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually doe to facilitate delivery

Abdominal manipulation

Intravaginal manipulation