a characteristic that discredits a person, making him or her be seen as abnormal or undesirable
instrumental needs
practical, everyday needs
model
a formal description of a process
source
the originator of a thought or an idea
encode
to put an idea into language or gesture
message
verbal and nonberal elements of communication to which people give meaning
channel
a parthway through which messages are conveyed
decode
to interpret or give meaning to a message
receiver
the party who interprets a message
noise
anything that interferes with the encoding or decoding of a message
feedback
verbal and nonverbal responses to a message
context
the physical or psychological environment in which communication occurs
channel-rich context
a communication context involving many channels at once
channel-lean context
a communication context involving few channels at once
symbol
a representation of an idea
content dimension
literal information that is communicated by a message
relational dimension
signals about the relationship in which a message is being communicated
Meta-communication
communication about communication
explicit rule
a rule about behavior that has been clearly articulated
implicit rule
a rule about behavior that has not been articulated but is nonetheless understood
interpersonal communication
communication that occurs between two people within the context of their relationship and that, as it evolves, helps them to negotiate and define their relationship
intrapersonal communication
communication with oneself
small group communication
communication occuring within small groups of three or more people
mass communication
communication from one source to a large audience
dyad
a pair of people
communication competence
communicating in ways that are effective and appropriate
empathy
the ability to think and feel as others do
cognitive complexity
the ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways
ethics
a code of morality or a set of ideas about what is right