distinctive feature approach- use minimal pairs, find underlying patterns, and train one or several sounds in those patterns in hopes that generalization to other sounds in pattern will occur
natural phonology theory- a theory of development where unmarked, easier to produce. Marked, harder to produce less frequency
5. When two vowels are combined, they form
B. diphthong
allophone- a variation of a phoneme
epenthesis- when a shwa is inserted (galue/glue)
6. [duwabe] is an example of
A. variegated babbling
7. When a child substitutes /th/ for /s/ they would be considered to have a(n)
E. a and d
articulation and substitution.
8. What are the four classes of articulation errors?
substitutions, omissions, distortion, additions
9. Cleft Lip/palate is considered an:
A. a and C. organic and cranofacial disorder
organic- problem has a known cause (cleft lip/palate, HL, CP, apraxias, dysarthrias)
functional- no known cause for problem (learned or habit) very hard to figure out what or why there is a problem
10. The summary of sounds that client has produced either correctly or incorrectly in the sample and represents the sounds that can be physically produced by the person is ___
B. phonetic inventory
phonemic inventory- what he/she understand and produces, how they use those sounds
phonetic context approach -certain phonemes influence production
11. Neurons in primary auditory cortex respond best to ______ sounds and 2nd auditory cortex responds best to _____ sounds
D. simple, complex
12. Phoneme sequences of a language and the stress patterns of a language are
C. phonotactic patterns
13. When caregivers exaggerate sounds and words when speaking to the infant and young child it is called
B. motherese
14. First words include
B. stops, nasals, glides, a few fricatives
15. What are the stages of consonant reduction
B. deletion of a whole cluster, reduction to one cluster member, cluster realized but substitution error occurs, normal production
delete, reduce, substitute, normal- delete all together, reduce it, substitute it, normal
what is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation?
B. Downs syndrome
Who has poor auditory short term memory, difficulty comprehending syntax vs. single words, and is highly sociable?
B. Down syndrome
What is the leading inherited form of MR?
D. Fragile X Syndrome
What is a strong diagnostic indicator of ASD?
A. joint attention
What is the earliest age can you diagnose an individual with ASD?
C. 18 months
Name and briefly describe the four theories of ASD:
- theory of mind
- the executive functions theory
- the central coherence theory
- the social orienting model
What is the most problematic/prevalent error in SLI individuals?
B. morphology
What is the most common neurological disorder affecting children?
A. dyslexia
What is the most predictive task for literacy issues?
A. letter identification and vocabulary naming (something about rapid access)
What are the five critical elements to the effective teaching of reading?
