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1. When a child can only produce a sound in a certain context or position it is _____
A. sequence constraint
B. positional constraint
C. inventory constraint
D. coarticulation
B. positional constraint
inventory contraint= reduces production of a particular sound bc phonemes are not in their phonetic inventory
sequence contraint= rules that do not permit sounds to be produced in a particular combination
coarticulation= phonemes affecting oher phonemes when putting words together (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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2. Consonants are classified by____
A. manner, place, bilabial, glottal
B. a and c
C. manner, glottal, liquids
D. manner, place, voicing
D. manner, place, voicing
Manner=Stops (ptkbdg), Fricatives (fv,sh, s,z, h), Afficates (tz,dz), Glides (wj), Liquids (rl), Nasals(mn,ng)
Place= Bilabials, labiodentals, linguadentals, lingualvealors, linguapalatals, linguavelars, glottals
Voicing= Voiced, Unvoiced (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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3. Phonemes affecting other phonemes when putting words together
A. coarticulation
B. phonetic context affect
C. phonotactic constraints
d. none of the above
A. coarticulation
phonetic context affect- certain phonemes influence production
phonotactic constraints- positional, inventory & sequence contraints (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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4. A variation of a phoneme is
A. distinctive feature
B. a and c
C. natural phonology theory
D. allophone
D. allophone
distinctive feature approach- use minimal pairs, find underlying patterns, and train one or several sounds in those patterns in hopes that generalization to other sounds in pattern will occur
natural phonology theory- a theory of development where unmarked, easier to produce. Marked, harder to produce less frequency (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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5. When two vowels are combined, they form
A. allophone
B. diphthong
C. epenthesis
d. none of the above
B. diphthong
allophone- a variation of a phoneme
epenthesis- when a shwa is inserted (galue/glue) (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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6. [duwabe] is an example of
A. canonical babbling
B. phonation stage
C. variegated babbling
D. epenthesis
C. variegated babbling (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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7. When a child substitutes /th/ for /s/ they would be considered to have a(n)
a. articulation disorder
b. phonological process/disorder
c. distortion
d. substitution
e. a and d
- e. a and d
- articulation and substitution.
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8. What are the four classes of articulation errors?
substitutions, omissions, distortion, additions
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9. Cleft Lip/palate is considered an:
A.functional problem
B. organic problem
C. a and c.
D. cranofacial disorder
C. a and C. organic and cranofacial disorder
organic- problem has a known cause (cleft lip/palate, HL, CP, apraxias, dysarthrias)
functional- no known cause for problem (learned or habit) very hard to figure out what or why there is a problem (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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10. The summary of sounds that client has produced either correctly or incorrectly in the sample and represents the sounds that can be physically produced by the person is ___
A. phonemic inventory
B. phonetic inventory
C. phonetic context
D. phonological rules
B. phonetic inventory
phonemic inventory- what he/she understand and produces, how they use those sounds
phonetic context approach -certain phonemes influence production (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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11. Neurons in primary auditory cortex respond best to ______ sounds and 2nd auditory cortex responds best to _____ sounds
A. loud, soft
B. complex, simple
C. soft, loud
D. simple, complex
D. simple, complex (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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12. Phoneme sequences of a language and the stress patterns of a language are
A. auditory sensory capabilities
B. phonotactic patterns
C. categorical perception
B. phonotactic patterns (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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13. When caregivers exaggerate sounds and words when speaking to the infant and young child it is called
A. inflection
B. motherese
C. categorical perception
d. all above
B. motherese (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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14. First words include
a. liquids, fricatives, and stops
b. stops, nasals, glides, a few fricatives
c. glottal, affricates, nasalsnone of the above
b. stops, nasals, glides, a few fricatives
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15. What are the stages of consonant reduction
A. normal production, deletion of a whole cluster, cluster realized but substitution error occurs, reduction to one cluster member
B. deletion of a whole cluster, reduction to one cluster member, cluster realized but substitution error occurs, normal production
C. cluster realized but substitution error occurs, normal production, reduction to one cluster member, deletion of a whole cluster
B. deletion of a whole cluster, reduction to one cluster member, cluster realized but substitution error occurs, normal production
delete, reduce, substitute, normal- delete all together, reduce it, substitute it, normal (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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what is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation?
A. SLI
B. Williams Syndrome
C. Downs syndrome
d. None of the above
C. Downs syndrome (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Who has poor auditory short term memory, difficulty comprehending syntax vs. single words, and is highly sociable?
A. Williams Syndrome
B. Down syndrome
C. autism
d. all of the above
B. Down syndrome (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What is the leading inherited form of MR?
A. Downs Syndrome
B. SLI
C. Williams Syndrome
D. Fragile X Syndrome
D. Fragile X Syndrome (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What is a strong diagnostic indicator of ASD?
A. joint attention
B. lack of cooing
C. Low IQ
d. none of the above
A. joint attention (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What is the earliest age can you diagnose an individual with ASD?
A. 18 months
B. 12 months
C. 6 months
D. 36 months
A. 18 months (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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Name and briefly describe the four theories of ASD:
- theory of mind
- the executive functions theory
- the central coherence theory
- the social orienting model
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What is the most problematic/prevalent error in SLI individuals?
A. morphology
B. comprehension
C. syntax
A. morphology (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What is the most common neurological disorder affecting children?
A. SLI
B. dyslexia
C. ASD
d. none of the above
B. dyslexia (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What is the most predictive task for literacy issues?
A. fluency
B. phoneme identification
C. letter identification and vocabulary naming (something about rapid access)
d. none of the above
C. letter identification and vocabulary naming (something about rapid access) (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
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What are the five critical elements to the effective teaching of reading?
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phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension strategies
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A child who is good at identification but poor at comprehension is
a. ASD
b. dyslexic
c. SLI
d. Down Syndrome
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The bottom up approach focuses on_____ and the top down approach focuses meaning based approach (reading to get the gist).
decoding
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