Spinal cord conveys sensory impulses from the body (from sensory receptors) to the brain
A. True
B. False
A. True
Spinal Cord conveys motor impulses away from the body (to muscles and glands).
A. True
B. True
B. False
Spinal cord also integrates information on its own, controlling spinal reflexes that occur without any brain involvement (more about reflexes later).
A. True
B. False
A. True
What protects the spinal cord?
Bone
The spinal cord ends in the 3rd lumbar vertebrae?
A. True
B. False
B False (2nd Lumbar Vertebrae)
What does the gray matter of spinal cord NOT include?
C. Myelinated axons (Should be unmyelinated)
Which horn of spinal cord is sensory?
A. Posterior
What Horn of Spinal cord is motor?
B. Anterior gray horn
Where does the Lateral gray horn lead to?
Organs
What structure is composed of the soma of neurons from the sympathetic Nervous System (part of ANS-involuntary contronl)
Lateral gray horn
White matter Posterior sensory columns are?
A. ascending
B. Descending
A. ascending
White matter motor columns are ?
A. Ascending
B. Descending
B. Descending
Which white matter columns are composed of mixed tracts?
Lateral columns
Which Column (tract) help maintain skeletal muscle tone, posture, they play a major role in equilibrium by
regulating muscle tone in response to movements of the head, and they convey impulses to skeletal muscles that result in precise movements?
Anterior columns
What are the 3 functions of CSF?
1. protection - shock absorber (keeps brain from
hitting cranium)
2. buoys the brain - brain & CSF are similar in
density; decreases weight of brain by 97%
3. circulation - delivers nutritive substancesfiltered from blood & removes wastes produced by brain & spinalcord cells.
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexuses capillaries
What is the function of the ependymal cells lining the ventricles(Choroid Plexus)?
The ependymal cells help to modify CSF composition and help to circulate it; the walls of the capillaries and the ependymal cells make up a kind of double filter!
What is the function of Arachnoid villi?
Reabsorption of CSF
List the order of Circulation of CSF
Circulation of CSF: 2 lateral ventricles à
third ventricle à cerebral aqueduct à fourth ventricle à central canal of spinal cord & subarachnoid space [CSF enters the subarachnoid space through apertures in the 4th ventricle]. It circulates in the subarachnoid space bathing the outside of the spinal cord and brain. In the subarachnoid space of the brain, CSF returns to the veins through reabsorption.
What is the function of BBB?
Protective mechanism
that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain. Protects brain from chemical fluctuations in blood, minimizes possibility that harmful blood-borne substances might reach central nervous tissue, blocks certain circulating hormones that could act as neurotransmitters in the brain.
What part of the CNS is the BBB absent? And how does it compensate for the lack thereof?
In some areas of the brain, like in the 3rd and 4th ventricles, it is almost absent as it is essential that neural tissue "taste" the chemical composition of the blood (ex.
the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata which monitors the blood for toxins; the respiratory center for controlling respiratory rate – if pH is too low, then respiratory rate is increased by the medulla).
How do we get some drugs across BBB that do not normally cross the barrier?
First inject a concentrated glucose solution – this causes
endothelial cells of blood vessels shrink, opening up gaps between cells so that drugs can get through.
Is the White/Gray Matter arrangemend in the brain the same as in the Spinal Cord?
no its opposite
The cerebral cortex includes Commissural,
Association, & Projection Tracts.
A. True
B. False
B. False
The Basal nuclei includes: Sensory and motor areas
A. True
B. False
B. False
The Basal nuclei include Caudate nuclues, Putamane, and Globus pallidus
A. True
B. False
A. True
The diencephalon includes all except:
C. Pons
The brain stem includes all except:
A. Caudate nucleus
Cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, substantia nigra are part of ?
C. Midbrain
Which best suits the use of hte left side of brain?
A. Musical awarness
B. Generating mental images of Sight, touch, taste and smell
C, Reasoning in most people
D. Space and pattern perception
C. Reasoning in most people
What is the purpos of gyri?
Creates area surface
Does each cerebral hemisphere have gray matter, white matter, and basal nuclei (gray matter)
A. yes
B. No
A. yes
What 2 types of neurons are in the cerebral cortex?
Stellate cells & Pyramidal cells
Spherical somas with short dendrites - receive sensory input & process info. –input neurons of cerebrum best defines
A. Stellate cells
B. Pyramidal cells
A. Stellate
Which of the following is not a motor area of the cortex?
C. Motor homunculus
Pre Motor Cortex works with planning our behavior.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Primary Motor Cortex uses stellate cells.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Broca and wernicke's areas are on the right side of the brain.
A. True
B. False
b. False
Wernicke's area sends input to Broca's area that helps direct muscles of the tongue, throat, and lips involved in speech production.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Which lobe senses Olfactory?
parietal and part of insula
Which lobe receives visual input?
Occipital
Which lobe receives info from general somatosensory input like input from our receptors in skin and muscles, our pain senses as well?
Parietal lobe (post-central gyrus)
Olfactory(smell) is specifically sensed in which lobes?
Frontal and temporal lobes
Which of the following is not a White matter tract?
B. Pyramidal Tract
Corpus collosum is an example of which type of fiber?
A. Commissural
The corona radiata arrangement is associated with which type of fiber?
A. Projection
This structure's output is to premotor and prefrontal cortex. It influences muscle movments especially highly practiced behaviors. I am referring to?
A. Basal nuclei
Huntington & Parkinsons invlove in which part of brain?
Basal nuclei
What part of the brain is composed of the
following structures that enclose the 3rd ventricle?
Diencephalon
Which structure includes mamillary bodies?
A. Hypothalamus
Which structure is called the "sensory relay station"
A. Thalalmus
Which structure is the "heart of the limbic system"
A. Hypothalamus
Which structure Diencephalon structure contains many nuclei?
A. Thalamus
Which structure is the "Gateway to the cerebral cortex"
C. Thalamus
Which structure regulates the ANS?
C. Hypothalamus
Which structure includes the master gland?
C. Hypothalamus
Which structure secretes melatonin?
A. Pineal gland
Which structure contains thirst and hunger centers?
A. Hypothalamus
The 2 major hormones secreted by the pituitary gland in the hypothalmus are ADH & oxytocin.
A. True
B. False
A. Ture
Which structure controls memory?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pineal gland
B, Hypothalamus
Where is the emotional part of the brain?
B. Hypothalamus
Which structure contains the last 4 cranial nervers?
D. Medulla oblongata
Which structure contains the substantia nigra?
B. Midbrain
Which structure is known as the "bridge"
C. Pons
Inferior Colliculi are associated with?
A. Visual reflex centers
B, Auditory Reflex centors
C. Muscle refelx centers
B. Auditory
Superior colliculi are associated with?
C. Auditory
Cerebral peduncles Do Not connect the cerebral cortex to the pons, cord and sensory fibers that connectthe spinal cord to the thalamus.
Which structure helps relay info from cerebrum to cerebellum?
B. Pons
Which structure also helps medulla regulate breathing rate and also conatains nuclea for sleep, hearing, equilibrium, tate, eye movements, swallowing bladder control, posture
A. Midbrain
B. Pons
Which structure is the target of general anesthetics?
C. Reticular Formation
Which structure acts as a sensory filter for the flood of sensory inputs our body receives?
A. Reticular Formation
Which strucutre is considered the brains "automatic Pilot"?
A. Cerebellum
The cerebellum is contralateral
A. True
B. False
B. False (Ipsilateral)
Which is not descriptive of the Cerebellum?
B. Concerned with the sense of smell and long-term memory storage
Besides the hypothalamus, the amygdala, Hippocampus, thalamus, & temporal lobes are also associated with the Limbic system.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Why would a psychosomatic illness that is emotionally induced be associated with the hypothalamus?
Hypothalamus controls the emotional brain
Which wave is normal in infants and adults in deep sleep; indicate serious brain damage in awake adults.
A. Delta
Which wave is seen during mental activity and sensory stimulatio: recorded in frontal to parietal region.
B. Beta
Which wave is normal in children and sleeping adults; suggest emotional stress or brain disorders in awake adults
D. Theta
Which wave is active when a person is awake, resting, eyes closed, mind wandering; recorded in parieto-occipital region
How many times a night dow we go through REM sleep?
B. 5X
Which structure is specifically related to short term memory?
D. Hippocamupus
Which structure specifically relates to developing emotional associations to sensory events?
A. hippocampus
B. amygdala
B. amygdala
The limibic system is concerned with the sense of vision and long-term memory storage.
A. True
B. False
B. False (sense of smell)
EEG is dominated by alpha waves
D. Stage 1-Drowsy
EEG has delta and theta waves; vital signs decline
C. Stage 3-deep sleep
EEG is more irregular; has short bursts of waves called sleep spindles
A. Stage 1-Drowsy
B. Stage 2-Light sleep
C. Stage 3-Deep sleep
D. Stage 4-Deep sleep
Stage 2-light sleep
EEG has mostly delta waves; vitals sighns at lowest rates
D. Stage 4-Deep sleep
Long Term Potentiation (LTP) states that Low frequency action potentials within the hippocampus can increase synaptic strength that can last days or weeks.
A. True
B. False
B. False (High Frequency)
Nitrouse oxide increases the releas of glutamate by the presynaptic neuron.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Author
face12
ID
136467
Card Set
CNS Quiz
Description
This is a quiz on CNS Notes and Power point for Exam 2
