Chem 2nd exam

M: moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

m: moles of solute per kg of solvent

x: mole of solute divided by total moles

Depend only on the number of solute particles and the identity of the solvent
Ionic materials dissociate

vapor pressure lowering:

freezing pt. depression:

boiling pt. elevation

osmotic pressure:

accounts for turgor pressure in plants and shap in animal cells

Once seperated from crystal, ions are surrounded by water molecules, this is known as:

When the solvent is water, the interactions are also referred to as;

The degree of randomness is given by a thermodynamic quantity called:

The process where the concentration of solute particles in solution increases, which increases the chances of colliding with the surface of the solid, and the solute particle may become reattached to the solid

A solution that is in equilibrium with undissolved solute is:

The amount of solute needed to form a saturated solution in a given quantity of solvent is known as the:

If less solute is dissolved than that needed to form a saturated solution the solution is:

a solution that contains a greater amount of solute than that needed to form a saturated solution

The stronger the attractions are btwn solute and solvent molecules:

polar liquids tend to dissolve readily in:

Nonpolar liquids ten to be insoluble in:

first basic principle identifying spontaneous processes:

second basic principle identifying spontaneous processes:

formations of solutions is favored by the:

substances with similar intermolecular attractive forces tend to be:

The solubility of the gas increases in direct proportion to:

Henry's Law

The solubility of most solid solutes in water increases as:

The solubility of gases in water decreases with:

molarity depends on:

Molality depends on the :

Depend on the collective effect of the number of solute particles

a substance that has no measurable vapor pressure is:

a substance that exhibits a vapor pressure is:

When that equilibrium is reached, the pressure exerted by the vapor is called:

The extent to which a nonvolatile solute lowers the vapor pressure is proportuional to its concentration

The pressure required to prevent osmosis by pure solvent is the

This forms the dividing line between solutions and heterogeneous mixtures

Scattering of light by colloidal particles

The area of chemistry that is concerned with the speeds, or rates, of reactions is:

List the 4 factors that affect reaction rates:

the change in the concentration of reactants or products per unit of time

Why is it typical for rates to decrease as a reaction proceeds?

The exponents m and n in a rate law are called:

The sum of the orders with respect to each reactant in the rate law

Rate depends on the concentration of a single reactant raised to the first power

Rate depends on the reactant concentration raised to the second power

The time required for the concentration of a reactant to reach one-half of its initial value

How much of the concentration of the reactant is decreased by in a first-order reaction?

based on the kinetic-molecular theory and accounts for reaction rates affected by the concentrations of reactants and the temperature

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reation is called:

The particular arrangement of atoms at the top of the barrier is called

The three factors for the Arrhenius equation

The process by which a reaction occurs is called the

The number of molecules that participate as reactants in an elementary reation defines its

If a single molecule is involved, the reaction is:

Elementary reactions ivolving the collision of two reactant molecules are

Elementary reactions ivolving the simultaneous collision of three molecules are

If a reaction is an elementary reaction, then its rate law is based directly on its:

rate depends on the concentration

change(reactions)/change(time)

change in time

Why is mixing important?

What reflects more light?