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beta hemolytic
Group A, B, D strep
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Streptolysin O and S
- hemolysins in beta hemolytic bacteria
- O: needs low oxygen, antigenic
- S: not inactivated by oxygen, not antigenic
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F protein, lipoteichoic acid, M protein
strep group A
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hylauronic acid capsule
group A strep
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C5a peptidase
group A strep
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erythrogenic toxin
- group A strep
- super Ag; causes scarlet fever
- needs conversion by lysogenic bacteriophage
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pyogenic exotoxin A
- group A strep
- strep TSS; requires systemic spread of streptococci
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exotoxin B
- group A strep
- protease to cause tissue damage and necrotizing fasciitis
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main bacterial cause pharyngitis and skin infections
group A strep
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streptokinase
group A strep
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DNase
- strep group A
- degrades DNA in exudates or necrotic tissue
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scarlet fever
strep group A
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strep of neonates
group B strep
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UTI hospitals
enterococci group D strep
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endocarditis following surgery
enterococci group D strep
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normal GI flora
enterococci strep group D
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endocarditis with colon cancer
peptostreptococci
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main cause bacteria infective endocarditis
strep viridans
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dental surgery risk
strep viridans
-
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non beta hemolytic
viridans and pneumoniae
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main cause bacterial pneumoniae
strep pneumoniae
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lancet shaped
strep pneumoniae
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quelling rxn
strep pneumoniae
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C substance
strep pneumoniae; reacts with liver CRP
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pneumolysin
strep pneumoniae
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IgA protease
strep pneumoniae
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lysed by bile and deoxycholate
strep pneumoniae
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inhibited by optochin
strep pneumoniae
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honey colored crusted lesion
impetigo, sign of s. aureus
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infection of subcutaneous fat layer
- cellulitis, s. aureus sx
- includes warm, swollen, red, lg blisters, scabs
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infection spreads via fascial plane
fasciitis of s. aureus
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coagulase
staph, promotes clotting so it can be protected from immune system and "walled off"
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staphylokinase
breaks down clot formed by coagulase in staph
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staphyloxanthin
- causes gold colonies of staph aureus
- inactivates superoxides in neutrophils
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beta lactamase plasmids
s. aureus; degrades penicllin antibiotic
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penicillin binding protein
aka transpeptidase of bacterial cell
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Protein A
staph; binds Fc of IgG so complement cannot be activated
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teichoic acids
gram positive bacteria; adheres staph to mucosal cells to cause septic shock via TLR-2
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staph peptidoglycan
endotoxin-like; causes macro to make cytokines, complement, and coagulase...septic shock even though nothing really secreted from bacteria
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enterotoxin
- staph aureus; exotoxin that causes food poisoning with lots vomitting
- super Ag to release lots IL1/IL2 to activate CD4 cells
- heat and acid resistant
- cytokines cause vomitting
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TSST
- staph exotoxin (toxemia)
- acts as super Ag
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Exfoliatin
- scaled skin (staph aureus)
- cleaves desmoglein
- localized infection so no bugs found in sloughed skin
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alpha leukocidins
- tissue necrosis
- widely spread among tissues (non specific)
- due to holes in cell mem
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PV leukocidin
- s aureus
- kills WBCs (specific leukocidin)
- only with lysogenic phages
- MRSA
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hyaluronidase
- s aureus
- destroys membrane so bug can spread faster in CT
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lipase
- s aureus
- allows colonization of sebaceous areas of skin
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bacterial endocarditis
bacteria colonize normal or deformed heart valves
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necrotizing pneumoniae
- s aureus
- bronchi blocked w/ pus and lots PMNs
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suburn like rash
staph TSS
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strawberry tongue
kawasaki syndrome-resembles staph TSS
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novobiocin
- s. epidermidis susceptible
- s. saprophyticus resistant
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hylauronic acid capsule
group A strep; antibodies not made against it so it is very virulent
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hydrolyze esculin in bile
group D strep
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growth in hypertonic NaCl
group D strep
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hydrolyze hippurate
group B strep
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rusty sputum
pneumonia caused by str. pneumoniae
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amylase
in str pneumoniae; activated by bile salts to cause autolysis of bug and gives "bile solubility"
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bactracin resistant
group B strep
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CAMP factor
- group B strep
- enhances zone beta hemolysis caused by s. aureus
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lipopolysaccharide endotoxin
N. meningitidis
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lipooligosaccharide endotoxin
N. gonorrhea
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pilus protein variation
N. gonorrhea
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chocolate agar
blood is heated to 80C to inactive inhibitors of neisseria growth
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oxidase positive
- neisseria; indicates that the bug has cytochrome C
- causes purple/black colonies if exposed to phenylenediamine
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most likely cause epidemic meningitis
N. meningitidis
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
- meningococcemia
- fever, shock, purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia, adrenal insufficiency
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ferments maltose and glucose
N. meningitidis
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ferments only glucose
N. gonorrhea
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Guillian-Barre syndrome
associated with adverse effects of N. meningitidis vaccine
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Porin A
in cell wall of N. gonorrhea; responsible for dissemination because inactivates C3b complement
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salpingitis, PID
- sx of N. gonorrhea infection of women
- causes sterility and ectopic pregnancy
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Thayer-Martin medium
chocolate agar with antibiotics to suppress normal flora; used for neisseria testing
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Opa protein
- adherence to hosts by N. gonorrhea; allows pathogen directed endocytosis by binding to heparin sulfate proteoglycan receptor of host cell
- causes aggregation and focal infection
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