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Banded iron formations
- bands of dark red and light grey rust.
- red=iron oxide
- grey=precipitaed quartz
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Photosynthesis
bacteria that splits carbon dioxide into carbon and free oxygen
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Photo chemical dissociation
break H20 in hydrogen and Oxygen
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ozone layer
filters ultraviolet radiation and prevents dissociation
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outgassing
water vapor released from rocks. Occured first billion years of earth. Heat does it.
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Meteorites
- survive heat and reach the ground.
- Are astroid fragments
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Stony-iron meteorites
- least abundant
- made of silicate minerals and iron nickel
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Iron Meteorites
iron nickel. Probably from asteroids large enough to have metallic cores
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Ordinary Chondrites
- most abundent
- 4.56 billion years old. Archean
- contain chondrules-which are solidfied molten droplets
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Carbonanceous chondrites
- early carbon blocks for earth
- may have supplied organic building blocks for life
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Solar wind
stream of radiation from the sun
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protoplanets
- once accretion has happen(particles coming together but not condensed yet)
- giving rise to planets
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accretion
dust cloud particles pulled by gravity then clumps of matter formed. The larger one swept up other particles within its path
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solar hypothese
- solor system origin
- Immanuel Kant
- shrinks and forms disk
- most material concentrated to the center forming the sun
- smaller particles form planets and moons and asteroid belts
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solar nebula
rotating cloud of dust particles and gases
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precambrian
- older than the cambrian period
- divided into two=archeon eon and proterozioic=best dating with radiometric
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Preston Cloud
proposed Hadean. the oldest
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canadian shield(SHIELDS)
- Precambrians rocks/oldest parts of continents=shields
- north american shield is=canadian shield
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hydrologic cycle
water is recycled by evaporation and precipitation
-
felsic
- continental crust.
- 4.4 billion years ago
- decending slabs melted then some rose to surface and cooled
- granite
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mafic
- Oceanic crust
- 4.5 billion years
- melting of the upper mantle
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platforms
- layer by sedimentary rocks
- stable tectonic conditions
- paleozoice, mesozoice, cenozoice
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craton
platforms and shields of a continent
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Precambrian Provinces
- divinding the canadian shield
- based on age of rocks, characteritic folding style, directional trends of faults and folds
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magma ocean
possible ocean during the archeon period
-
komatites
- rocks of the lunar highlands
- formed from the cooling magma ocean
- earliest time of plate techtonics
-
partial melting
- enormous amount of heat
- maybe from the bombardment of meteorites
- radioacitve isotopes
-
differentiated
- three layers core, mantle and crust
- each layer different chemical composition and density
- internally zoned
-
lunar highlands
Galileo saw them
lighter hued craggy and heavily cratered regions of the moon
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Maria
- darker areas of the moon
- floors of immense basins with basaltic lava
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Granulite
group of archean rocks
granite rocks heat
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greenstones
- composed of volcanic and metamorphosed sediments
- basaltic extrusive igneous rocks
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ultramafic
characteristic of greenstones
-
lithotrophs
they are microbes that live off energy from heat by radioactive decay
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Autotrophs
- make own food
- organism
- uses externaml souce of energy to produce organic nutrients from simple inorganic chemicals
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plutoid
past neptune, used to be pluto, spherical shape due to gravity
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heterotrophs
- cant make own food
- scavenge nutrients in their own enviornment
-
anaerobic organism
- does not require oxygen
- germentation to obtain energy
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aerobic organisms
- rely on oxygen to live
- use oxygen to convert food into energy
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photoautotrophs
use sunlight to power the dissociation of carbon dioxide into carbon and free oxygen
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hyperthermophiles
- thrive in seawater
- microbes
- can live in deep fissures below vents
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chemosynthesis
- oxidizing such inorganic substances as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia
- possible first organisms chemotrophes
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prokaryotes
lack membrane bounded nuclei and other membrane bounded organelles
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Eukaryote
- cantains true nucleus enclosed with a nuclear membrance
- well defined chromososomes and organelles
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stromatolites
calcium carbonate having rounded branching or frondose shape. formed as a result of the metabolic marine algae
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molecular fossils
organic molecules that only eukaryotes can synthesize
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organelles
bodies capable of performing specific functions
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fusion
pressure and temp within the suns core attained critical levels so hydrogen atoms began to fuse together
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