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5 signs of inflammation
- redness
- swelling
- heat
- pain
- loss of function
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3 phases of the healing process
- Inflammation response
- Fibroblastic repair
- Maturation-remodeling
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Inflammatory response phase
- vascular reaction: involve vascular spasm, formation of platelet plug, blood coaugulation, growth of fibrous tissue
- seen in first 3-4 days after injury
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histamine
- first chemical to appear in inflammation
- major producer of arterial dialation and capillary permeability
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seratonin
powerful vasoconstrictor
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bradykinin
increase permeability and cause pain
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heparin
- give off to temperature
- prevent blood coaugulation
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prostaglandins
inflammatory process involvment
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leukotrienes
- alter capillary permeability
- involved in inflammatory process
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What chemicals are produced during early stages of inflammation?
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
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Go over Injury Cycle
Go over Injury Cycle!
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Fibroblastic repair phase
- repair-healing-inflammatory phase
- 48 hrs-72 hrs- 6 weeks
- regeneration-restoration of destroyed or lost tissue
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primary healing
- during fibroblastic repair phase
- healing by first intention
- takes place in injury (cut)
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secondary healing
- during fibroblastic repair phase
- healing by second intention
- results where large tissue lost
- scar tissue replaces area (lacerations)
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Maturation-remodeling phase
- long term process
- remodel of fibers that make up scar tissue occurs according to tensile forces
- first 3-6 weeks characterized by increased production of scar tissue
- strength of scar tissue continues from 3 months to 2 years after injury
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chronic inflammation
- inflammation reaction lasting months or even years
- occurs from repeated micro-traumas and overuse
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cartilage healing
- limited healing capacity
- slow, little or no direct blood supply
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ligament healing
- important for proper immediate and follow-up care
- goes through acute, repair, and remoded phases
- takes up to 12 months
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healing of skeletal muscle
- regeneration of new myofibers is minimal
- active contraction of the muscle is critical to regain strength
- strains may last 6-8 weeks
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nerve healing
- nerve cells cannot regenerate after death
- can take place within nerve fiber
- age and health play role
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Time for bone healing is based on?
- severity and site of fracture
- extensive trauma
- age of patient
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pain sources
- cutaneous pain-usually sharp, bright and burning, fast or slow onset
- deep somatic pain- tendons, muscles, joints
- visceral pain- from internal organs
- psychogenic pain- caused by emotion
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acute vs chronic
- acute- designed to help protect body
- chronic- serves no useful purpose
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