Which step of the scientific method is to ask a question?
formulate a problem
Which step of the scientific method is a propsed answer to questions?
formulate a hypothesis
a statement that relflects the research question - you will prove or disprove it
hypothesis
claims that there is no significant difference one way or another. Any difference in the positive or negative will prove your hypothesis false.
Null hypothesis
consistency between examiners and methods
calibration
gathering only the data that was intended to be collected
validity
the consistency and stability of the data
reliability
two or more examiners agree in their findings
inter-rater reliability
the same examiner can agree with himself
intra-rater reliability
the entire group of individuals that have characteristics you want to study
target population
because of limited resources you can't study every individual in a target population, you must take samples of the population and draw conclusions from that sample
sampling
each member of the population has equal chance of getting picked
random sampling
randomly selecting participants from a certain strata or group
stratified sampling
select subjects by including every nth person on a list
systemic sampling
using the group that is most readily available
convenience sampling
The same group that recieves the experimental tx
experimental group
the sample group that does not receive the tx - though they think they do. The placebo group
control group
groups are randomly assigned to the control or experimental groups; after a specified length of time, the participants switch
crossover control
one side of the mouth is used for experimental tx while the other side of the mouth is left untreated as control
split-mouth
investigators and subjects don't know who's taking the placebo
double-blind studies
using a control group is impossible or impractical
quasi-experimental
the outcome you are trying to study:
in a study about the effectiveness of a high BP med, you are trying to see the outcome by measuring the pts BP; what is the BP?
dependant variable
What affects the outcome; in a study about the effectiveness of a high blood pressure med; the med is what?