03 Study Guide

A cellular adaptation observable in uterine cervical epithelium is:
A. atrophy.
B. hypertrophy.
C. hyperplasia.
D. metaplasia.
E. dysplasia.

What are the consequences when a cell is forced into anaerobic glycolysis?
A. increased lactic acid
B. inadequate ATP production
C. insufficient glucose production
D. excessive CO₂ production
E. excessive pyruvic acid retention

Reduced oxygen tension
A. melanin
B. hypoxia
C. anoxia
D. contusion
E. lipids

Bleeding in skin or underlying tissue
A. melanin
B. lipids
C. anoxia
D. hypoxia
E. contusion

What is the probable cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury?
A. fat inclusion
B. loss of genetic integrity
C. hydrolytic enzyme activation
D. Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na⁺
E. None of the above is correct

Lipid peroxidation
A. increased lactate
B. lysosomal edema
C. ethanol
D. detached ribosomes
E. carbon monoxide
F. lead
G. oxygen-derived free radicals

Neurotransmitter interference
a. carbon monoxide
b. oxygen-derived free radicals
c. ethanol
d. lead
e. detached ribosomes
f. increased lactate
g. lysosomal edema

Asphyxiation
a. carbon monoxide
b. oxygen-derived free radicals
c. ethanol
d. lead
e. detached ribosomes
f. increased lactate
g. lysosomal edema

Depressed fatty acid oxidation
a. carbon monoxide
b. oxygen-derived free radicals
c. ethanol
d. lead
e. detached ribosomes
f. increased lactate
g. lysosomal edema

Depressed protein synthesis
a. carbon monoxide
b. oxygen-derived free radicals
c. ethanol
d. lead
e. detached ribosomes
f. increased lactate
g. lysosomal edema

Dystrophic calcification:
A. occurs in dying or dead tissues.
B. is the result of excess calcium in the blood.
C. is observed in chronic lesions.
D. Both a and c are correct.
E. a, b, and c are correct.

Cellular swelling is:
A. irreversible.
B. evident early in all types of cellular injury.
C. manifested by decreased intracellular sodium.
D. None of the above is correct.
E. Both b and c are correct.

Which is not reversible?
A. karyolysis
B. fatty infiltration
C. oncosis
D. All of the above are reversible

Aging:
A. is easy to distinguish from pathology.
B. does not have a genetic relationship.
C. is more advanced in primitive societies.
D. None of the above is correct.
E. a, b, and c are correct.

In aging, cross-linking implies that:
A. the life span and number of times a cell can replicate are programmed.
B. the number of cell doublings is limited.
C. there is oxygen toxicity.
D. cell permeability decreases.
E. Both a and b are correct.

Necrosis caused by Clostridia
A. coagulation
B. liquefactive
C. metaplasia
D. rigor mortis
E. gas gangrene
F. hyperplasia
G. cloudy swelling

Rigidity of muscles after somatic death
a. liquefactive
b. rigor mortis
c. gas gangrene
d. hyperplasia
e. metaplasia
f. cloudy swelling
g. coagulation

Increased cell numbers
a. liquefactive
b. rigor mortis
c. gas gangrene
d. hyperplasia
e. metaplasia
f. cloudy swelling
g. coagulation

Necrosis resulting from lysosomal release
a. liquefactive
b. rigor mortis
c. gas gangrene
d. hyperplasia
e. metaplasia
f. cloudy swelling
g. coagulation

Replacement of one cell type with another, more suitable type
a. liquefactive
b. rigor mortis
c. gas gangrene
d. hyperplasia
e. metaplasia
f. cloudy swelling
g. coagulation

Activated ubiquitin-proteosome pathway
A. proteolysis
B. gangrene
C. hypertrophy
D. algor mortis
E. apoptosis
F. fatty necrosis
G. caseous necrosis

Pancreatic necrosis
a. fatty necrosis
b. gangrene
c. proteolysis
d. caseous necrosis
e. apoptosis
f. algor mortis
g. hypertrophy

Coagulative and liquefactive necrosis
a. fatty necrosis
b. gangrene
c. proteolysis
d. caseous necrosis
e. apoptosis
f. algor mortis
g. hypertrophy

Tissue death
a. fatty necrosis
b. gangrene
c. proteolysis
d. caseous necrosis
e. apoptosis
f. algor mortis
g. hypertrophy

Normal and pathologic cellular self-destruction
a. fatty necrosis
b. gangrene
c. proteolysis
d. caseous necrosis
e. apoptosis
f. algor mortis
g. hypertrophy