10 Study Guide

Likely causes for the fatigue observed in individuals with cancer include:
a. biochemical changes because of treatment.
b. muscle loss.
c. psychologic factors.
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Both a and c are correct.

The pain experienced with cancer:
A. a, b, and c are correct.
B. results from tissue necrosis.
C. Both b and c are correct.
D. occurs in bone metastasis.
E. affects the individual in the early stages of malignancy.

The anorexia or loss of appetite seen in the syndrome cancer cachexia may occur because of:
A. hypoproteinemia.
B. late satiety.
C. altered blood serum levels of glucose and amino acids.
D. hyperinsulinism.

The anemia associated with malignancy can be:
a. The result of depletion of hemoglobin building blocks.
b. severe in the majority of cases.
c. caused by destruction of bone marrow.
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Both a and c are correct.

Chemotherapy for cancer:
A. prevents transcription.
B. damages cells undergoing mitosis.
C. Both a and b are correct.
D. Neither a nor b is correct.

Immunotherapy for cancer:
A. is augmented by memory cells.
B. suppresses tumor-immune response.
C. injures both transformed and normal cells.
D. is nonspecific treatment.
e. None of the above is correct.

BRMs:
a. directly kill cancer cells.
b. augment the tumor-immune rejection response.
c. modify the cancer cell's susceptibility to lysis.
d. All of the above are correct.
e. None of the above are correct.

The cause of the majority of gastric lymphomas is ?.

Exposure to asbestos increases the risk for ?.

Prolonged exposure to UVR increases the risk for ?.

A chemical acting as an inducer of leukemia is ?.

At the cellular level, cancer is ?.

Ionizing radiation causes mutation to clonal progeny and to ?.

UVR induces the release of ?, which may reduce immune surveillance.

The evidence does not implicate ? as a cause of cancer.

Enzymes that activate xenobiotics are called ? enzymes.

Among men, prostate carcinogenesis is related to production of ?.

Higher ? is associated with gastrointestinal, reproductive, and renal cancers, as well as, with lymphoid tissue cancers.

Increased protein degradation is possible because of the ? pathway.

? administration is effective in correcting the anemia associated with cancer.

Radiation
A. T cell transfer
B. facilitates adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation
C. stimulation of immune system
D. decreases initial tumor size
E. direct ionization
F. cancerous cells attacked in cell cycle
G. specific antibodies for tumor antigen

Monoclonal antibodies
A. direct ionization
B. decreases initial tumor size
C. stimulation of immune system
D. cancerous cells attacked in cell cycle
E. specific antibodies for tumor antigen
F. T cell transfer
G. facilitates adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation

Immunomodulating agents
A. direct ionization
B. facilitates adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation
C. decreases initial tumor size
D. specific antibodies for tumor antigen
E. stimulation of immune system
F. cancerous cells attacked in cell cycle
G. T cell transfer

Debulking surgery
A. direct ionization
B. decreases initial tumor size
C. T cell transfer
D. specific antibodies for tumor antigen
E. stimulation of immune system
F. cancerous cells attacked in cell cycle
G. facilitates adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
A. decreases initial tumor size
B. stimulation of immune system
C. facilitates adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation
D. T cell transfer
E. cancerous cells attacked in cell cycle
F. direct ionization
G. specific antibodies for tumor antigen