15 Study Guide

In blunt head trauma:
A. only focal injury occurs.
B. the dura is severed.
C. brain tissues are exposed.
D. the dura remains intact.

In an automobile accident, an individual's forehead struck the windshield. The coup/countercoup injury would be in the:
A. parietal/occipital region.
B. occipital/frontal region.
C. frontal/occipital region.
D. frontal/parietal region.

In moderate diffuse axonal injury:
A. coma lasts less than 24 hours.
B. coma lasts more than 24 hours.
C. tearing of axons in the cerebral hemisphere occurs.
D. disruption of axons occurs in cerebral hemispheres and those extending into the diencephalon and brain stem.
E. Both a and d are correct.

Concussion
A. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
B. venous bleeding
C. bruising of part of the brain
D. arterial bleeding
E. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma

Contusion
A. arterial bleeding
B. venous bleeding
C. bruising of part of the brain
D. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
E. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma

Extradural hematoma
A. venous bleeding
B. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
C. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma
D. bruising of part of the brain
E. arterial bleeding

Subdural hematoma
A. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma
B. bruising of part of the brain
C. venous bleeding
D. arterial bleeding
E. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration

Intracerebral hematoma
A. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
B. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma
C. venous bleeding
D. bruising of part of the brain
E. arterial bleeding

Most spinal cord injuries occur in the:
A. cervical and thoracic regions.
B. lumbar and sacral regions.
C. thoracic and lumbar regions.
D. cervical and lumbar regions.

Injury of the cervical cord may be life threatening because of:
A. diaphragmatic impairment.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. spinal shock.
D. disrupted reflex.
E. loss of bladder and rectal control.

Autonomic hyperreflexia is characterized by all of the following except:
A. hypotension.
B. precipitation because of a distended bladder or rectum.
C. stimulation of sensory receptors below the level of the cord lesion.
D. slower heart rate

Intervertebral disk herniation:
A. in the lumbosacral area causes pain over the gluteal region and into the calf or ankle.
B. usually occurs at the thoracic level.
C. a, b, and c are correct.
D. is infrequent in the lumbosacral disks.
E. Both b and c are correct.

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are:
A. neurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.
B. generalized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every time.
C. unilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
D. focal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last for several minutes, and clear in 24 hours.

Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
a. polycythemia vera
b. hypertension
c. diabetes mellitus
d. hyperhomocysteinemia
e. All of the above are risk factors.

Which most typically characterizes the victims of cerebral embolic stroke?
A. individuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear
B. middle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
C. individuals with a long history of TIAs
D. individuals older than 65 year of age with a history of hypertension

Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in ? cerebrovascular accidents.
A. embolic
B. hemorrhagic
C. thrombotic
D. TIA

Which is not a primary intracerebral neoplasm?
A. meningioma
B. astrocytoma
C. oligodendroglioma
D. ependymoma

In bacterial meningitis, the CSF has:
A. an elevated number of lymphocytes.
B. normal glucose levels.
C. neutrophilic infiltration.
d. None of the above is correct.
e. a, b, and c are correct.

Multiple sclerosis involves:
A. degeneration of dopaminergic receptors.
B. depletion of GABA.
C. lower motor neuron muscle wasting.
D. activation of the syncytin gene.

Manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:
a. an explosive headache.
b. muscle flaccidity.
c. neurologic deficits.
d. a delayed age of onset.

Spondylolysis
A. CNS myelin
B. neuromuscular junction
C. ventricular system of brain
D. cerebral cortex
E. corticospinal tracts
F. peripheral nerve myelin
G. neural arch of vertebra
H. muscles

Myasthenia gravis
A. muscles
B. peripheral nerve myelin
C. neural arch of vertebra
D. neuromuscular junction
E. cerebral cortex
F. ventricular system of brain
G. corticospinal tracts
H. CNS myelin

Multiple sclerosis
A. neural arch of vertebra
B. CNS myelin
C. cerebral cortex
D. peripheral nerve myelin
E. ventricular system of brain
F. neuromuscular junction
G. muscles
H. corticospinal tracts

Guillain-Barré syndrome
A. CNS myelin
B. muscles
C. corticospinal tracts
D. cerebral cortex
E. neural arch of vertebra
F. peripheral nerve myelin
G. neuromuscular junction
H. ventricular system of brain

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A. cerebral cortex
B. corticospinal tracts
C. ventricular system of brain
D. CNS myelin
E. neural arch of vertebra
F. peripheral nerve myelin
G. muscles
H. neuromuscular junction