15 Study Guide

In blunt head trauma:
A. brain tissues are exposed.
B. the dura is severed.
C. the dura remains intact.
D. only focal injury occurs.

In an automobile accident, an individual's forehead struck the windshield. The coup/countercoup injury would be in the:
A. frontal/parietal region.
B. frontal/occipital region.
C. parietal/occipital region.
D. occipital/frontal region.

In moderate diffuse axonal injury:
A. tearing of axons in the cerebral hemisphere occurs.
B. disruption of axons occurs in cerebral hemispheres and those extending into the diencephalon and brain stem.
C. coma lasts more than 24 hours.
D. Both a and d are correct.
E. coma lasts less than 24 hours.

Concussion
A. arterial bleeding
B. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma
C. bruising of part of the brain
D. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
E. venous bleeding

Contusion
A. arterial bleeding
B. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
C. venous bleeding
D. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma
E. bruising of part of the brain

Extradural hematoma
A. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
B. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma
C. bruising of part of the brain
D. venous bleeding
E. arterial bleeding

Subdural hematoma
A. arterial bleeding
B. bruising of part of the brain
C. venous bleeding
D. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
E. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma

Intracerebral hematoma
A. violent displacement of brain tissue resulting from acceleration or deceleration
B. venous bleeding
C. bruising of part of the brain
D. arterial bleeding
E. bleeding into the brain's parenchyma

Most spinal cord injuries occur in the:
A. lumbar and sacral regions.
B. cervical and lumbar regions.
C. cervical and thoracic regions.
D. thoracic and lumbar regions.

Injury of the cervical cord may be life threatening because of:
A. disrupted reflex.
B. increased intracranial pressure.
C. spinal shock.
D. diaphragmatic impairment.
E. loss of bladder and rectal control.

Autonomic hyperreflexia is characterized by all of the following except:
A. precipitation because of a distended bladder or rectum.
B. hypotension.
C. slower heart rate
D. stimulation of sensory receptors below the level of the cord lesion.

Intervertebral disk herniation:
A. is infrequent in the lumbosacral disks.
B. Both b and c are correct.
C. usually occurs at the thoracic level.
D. in the lumbosacral area causes pain over the gluteal region and into the calf or ankle.
E. a, b, and c are correct.

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are:
A. neurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.
B. unilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
C. generalized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every time.
D. focal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last for several minutes, and clear in 24 hours.

Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
a. polycythemia vera
b. hypertension
c. diabetes mellitus
d. hyperhomocysteinemia
e. All of the above are risk factors.

Which most typically characterizes the victims of cerebral embolic stroke?
A. individuals older than 65 year of age with a history of hypertension
B. middle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
C. individuals with a long history of TIAs
D. individuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear

Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in ? cerebrovascular accidents.
A. hemorrhagic
B. TIA
C. embolic
D. thrombotic

Which is not a primary intracerebral neoplasm?
A. meningioma
B. ependymoma
C. oligodendroglioma
D. astrocytoma

In bacterial meningitis, the CSF has:
A. neutrophilic infiltration.
B. an elevated number of lymphocytes.
C. normal glucose levels.
d. None of the above is correct.
e. a, b, and c are correct.

Multiple sclerosis involves:
A. degeneration of dopaminergic receptors.
B. activation of the syncytin gene.
C. depletion of GABA.
D. lower motor neuron muscle wasting.

Manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:
a. an explosive headache.
b. muscle flaccidity.
c. neurologic deficits.
d. a delayed age of onset.

Spondylolysis
A. cerebral cortex
B. CNS myelin
C. corticospinal tracts
D. muscles
E. ventricular system of brain
F. neuromuscular junction
G. peripheral nerve myelin
H. neural arch of vertebra

Myasthenia gravis
A. neural arch of vertebra
B. corticospinal tracts
C. CNS myelin
D. peripheral nerve myelin
E. ventricular system of brain
F. neuromuscular junction
G. cerebral cortex
H. muscles

Multiple sclerosis
A. neural arch of vertebra
B. ventricular system of brain
C. corticospinal tracts
D. peripheral nerve myelin
E. muscles
F. CNS myelin
G. cerebral cortex
H. neuromuscular junction

Guillain-Barré syndrome
A. corticospinal tracts
B. muscles
C. neural arch of vertebra
D. ventricular system of brain
E. CNS myelin
F. peripheral nerve myelin
G. cerebral cortex
H. neuromuscular junction

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
A. neuromuscular junction
B. cerebral cortex
C. neural arch of vertebra
D. muscles
E. CNS myelin
F. corticospinal tracts
G. ventricular system of brain
H. peripheral nerve myelin