-
Morphine
- Isolated from Papaver somniferum
- Narcotic analgesic
-
Quinine
- Isolated from Cinchona spp (bark)
- antimalarial
- (S,S) diasteromer: Anti-arrhythmic
-
Vinblastine
- Isolated from Cantharanthus roseus
- Anticancer
-
Atropine
- Isolated from Atropa Belladonna
- Anticholinergic agents
- Abelladonna alkaloid
-
Digitoxin
- Isolateed from digitalis spp (foxglove)
- Inotropic agent-strengthens heart muscle contractions
- Cardiac glycoside
-
Taxol
- Paclitaxel
- Produced by fermentation and semisynthetically
- Anticancer
-
Etoposide
- Isolated from Podophyllum pelatum
- Anticancer
- Spindle inhibitor
-
colchicine
- Isolated from colchicum autamnale
- Gout
- Anti inflamatory spindle inhibitor
- Given following cardiac surgery
-
Acetyl salicylcic acid
- Isolated from Salix alba
- Anagesic
- Willow bark
- Inhibits cycloxygenase: anti platelat drug
-
Mevalonic acid pathway
- 3 acetic acid converted into hydroxymethylglutaric acid tehn HMG-CoA reductase converts into Mevalonic acid, then ATP is used to convert into Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate
- The pathway of cholesterol
- If HMG CoA reducatse is inhibited everything after in the pathway is inhibited
-
Flavonid
- Natural products
- Anti-oxidants
-
Digoxigenin
- An Aglycone
- Converted to Digoxin
- Sugar derivative
-
Nicotine
Contains a pyridine
-
Cocaine
Contains a Tropane
-
Caffeine
Contains a purine
-
Strychnine
COntains a indole
-
Sorbitol
- Food, cosmetic and pharmceutical sweetner
- Comes from the open chain of Sorbitol
-
Osmitrol
- Mannitol
- An osmotic diuretic that increases the osmotic gradient in the kidney and also a excipient
- Emergency diuretic make you pee like crazy
-
Dextrose
- D-Glucose (mixture of alpha and beta anomers)
- Obtained by hydrolysis of starch
- fluid and nutrient replenisher
-
Calcium gluconate USP
Calcium replenisher
-
Ferrous Gluconate
- Iron supplement
- Ferrous salt glucurgonic acid
-
Glucurone
- D-glucuronic ACid
- Lactone version
- Useful for certain arthritic conditions
-
Fructose USP
Fluid replenisher and nutrient
-
Lactose NF
- Pharmaceutical aid used for tabet and capsule diluent
- Milk SUgar
- Galactose and GLucose bonded together
-
Sucrose NF
- Pharmaceutical aid for weetening and tablet excipient
- Cane sugar, BEat sugar
- A disaccharide that yields one D-glucose and one D-Fructose on hydrolysis
-
Dextrins
- Varible molecular weight polysaccharides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
- Extensively used as carbohydrate sources in infant and adult invalid formulas
-
Maltose
Malt sugar, obtained by enzymatic digestion of starch to a disaccharide of d-glucose
-
Xylose USP
Used as a diagnostic aid to test intestinal capacity to detch celiac disease
-
Starch NF
- Isolated from corn and is high molecular weight carbohydrate
- Amylose
- Amylopectin
-
Cellulose
- A polysaccharide that utilizes beta1,4 glycodici linkage to hook together 100 to 200 beta d molecules
- found in wood
- Humans cannot digest
-
Heparin Sodium
- Anticoaglulant for ue by IV administration to prevent thrombosis
- Primarily mechanism involves serine protease clotting factors and the serine protease inhibitor of Antithrombin III
-
Low molecular weight heparin products
- Ardeparine Sodium: Normiflo
- dalteparin Sodium: Fragmin
- Enoxparin Sodium: Lovenox
- danaparoid Soadium: Orgaran
- Alpha glucosidase INhibitors
- Acarvose-Precose
- Inhibits the enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis od dextrin carbohydrates in the intestinal tract thereby delaying their digestion
-
Fat soluble vitamins
- ADEK
- Toxicity with this class can occur due to accumulation in fatty tissues
-
Vitamin A
- Retinol
- PLay a significant role in visual processes bone growth, reproduction, embryonic develop,ent, protein synthesis, sperm production, growth of epithelial tissues
- Provitamin carotenoids
- Passive diffusion enhanced by fatty foods
- Deficiencies leads to degeneration of mucous membranes and leads to nyctalopia (night blindness)
- Osteoblast and osteclasts are regulated
-
Retin-A
- Vitamin A product
- Tretinoin
- Topical treatment of acne in a cream, initally acne gets worse but improves over 3 to 4 weeks with skin peeeling
- USE SUN SCREEN
- MOA: Decreases adhension corneocytes, increase proliferation of follicular epithelium, makes skin turn over quickly
- Also used for APL(ACute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
-
Accutane
- Vitamin A
- Isotretinoin USP
- Used for the treatment for severe acne as capsule dose form
- MOA:Inhibits sebaceous gland function and follicular function decreasing sebum production and gland size and differentiation
- TEtratogenic
-
Tegison
- Vitamin A
- Etretinate
- Used for the tratment of severe recalcitrant psoriasis
- Long term storage in adipose tissue
- Can stilbe detected up to 1 year after discontinuation
- TETratogenic
-
Rocaltrol, Calcijex
- Active form of VItamin D
- 1,25 Hydroxycholecaliferol
- Does not need metabolic activation
-
Dovonex
- Calcipotriene
- Synthetic vitamin D analog used in modereate plaque psoriasis
-
Vitamin E
- Anit-oxidant scavenge free radicals, plays role in protein synthesis
- Tocopherol
- BIoSynthesized from the mevalonic acid pathway
- The liver is an important storage site for this vitamin
- Indications: Low serum tocopherol levels, INcreased, fragility of red blood cells, Ischemic heart disease, Artherosclerosis
-
Vitamin K
- PLays an important role in the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver
- Antihemorrhagic activity
-
Mephyton, AquaMephyton
- Vitamin K
- Phytonadione
- Systemic hemostatic agent based on its critical function in blood
- Treatment of hypoprothrombinemia cause by malabsorption or diet treatment
- used to attempt to counter the vleeding cause by coudmarin type anticoagulants
-
Menadione
- Vitamin K
- Converted to vitamin K by the liver
-
What are the b complex vitamins?
- Thiamine
- Riboflavin
- Pyridoxine
- Nicotinic Acid
- Pantothenic Acid
- Biotin
- Cyancobalamin
- Folic Acid
-
Thiamine
- Vitamin B1
- Essential for the metabolism of carohydrates into glucose
- Result in BERiBeri
- H2 sol can have mega dose
-
Calcium Pantothenate
- Vitamin B5
- Pantothenic Acid
- CoEnzyme A
- Circulates in the body as pantothenate where it is absorbed
-
Niacin
- Nicotinic Acid
- Vitamin B3
- Indicated in hyperlipidemia to lower triglycerides and cholesterol... Not NIACINAMIDES
- Serious deficiency leads to a disease called pellagra
- Needed for the metabolism of food th maintenance of healthy skin nerves and the gastrointestinal tract
- USed in oxidation/ reduction reactions NAD+
-
Riboflavin
- Vitamin B2
- It is the precursers for the biosynthesis of the Flavin coenzymes involved in various oxidation/reductions
- Very susceptible t deterioration by light
- Ariboflavinosis
-
Pyridoxine
- Vitamin B6
- Pyridoxol
- Pyridoxal
- Pyridoxamine
- High doses reported to hlp with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) useful in treating migraine headaches
-
Cyanocobalamin
- Vitamin B12
- Not found in any plant food sources and primarly produced by microorganism
- Is used in the production of a wide variety of coenzymes used in the processing of carbohydrattes proteins and fats
- Deficiency leads to anemai
- Proper function and maintenance of nerve sheaths
-
Pteroylglutamin acid
- FOlate
- Folacin
- FOlic ACid
- VItamin B9
- Humans cannot synthesize
- Purine and pyridine synthesis
-
Folvite
- Folic ACid USP
- Drug targets: ANtibacterial agent sulfonamides compete with PABA to prevent microbial synthesis of this agent
-
Wellcovorin
- Folinic Acid
- Citrovorum Factor
- Leucovorin Calcium
- Rescue intentional overdose of methotrexate
-
Ascorbic Acid
- Vitamin c
- deficiency leads to impaired collagen formation, bleedy gums and impaired wound healing
- Scurvy
- Prolyl Hydroxylase after reaction oxidation of Fe3+ back to Fe2+
- Synthesis of steroids, neurotransmitters collagen
- Involved in drug metabolism
- Hiprex and Urex can increase the eficiency because increase the aidicy of the urine
- Mega doses leads to Oxalate deposits
-
Biotin
- Vitamin H
- Important in the process of carboxylation to introduce carboxyl groups into molecules
-
Inostiol
Secondary messengers in cell membranes the phosphoinositides
-
L-Methionine
Precursor to S-AdebisylMethyionine SAM, the coenzyme responsble for methylation
-
Choline
- Component of biomembranes and plasma phospholipids
- Treatment of fatty infiltratio of the lier (cirrhosis) CNS disorders such as tardive dydkensia and presenile dementia
- Serves as a methyl donor in some situations
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