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During the political crisis following the fall of the Han, the Great Wall
During the political crisis following the fall of the Han, the Great Wall
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What made possible the rapid revival of the empire under the Tang?
the preservation in the many kingdoms of the Confucian traditions that had been central to Chinese civilization
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Wendi was the man responsible for the
establishment of the Sui dynasty.
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Under the first Sui emperor...
ever-ready granaries were created to relieve the threat of famine.
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Excessive military expenses and grandiose building projects led to...
the downfall of the second Sui emperor and the collapse of the dynasty.
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Li Yuan was...
the Duke of Tang, founder of the new dynasty.
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What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry?
The Tang supported the resuscitation of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy.
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The Ministry of Rites was responsible for the...
administration of the Confucian examination system.
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What was the title reserved for those who passed the most difficult exams on all of Chinese literature?
Jinshi
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Pure Land Buddhism
stressed salvation.
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As a result of imperial suppression,
Buddhism survived in a reduced state without much political influence.
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Yang Guifei was...
an imperial concubine who exerted great influence on a Tang emperor and introduced many of her relatives into the imperial government.
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What accounts for the relative weakness of the Song empire?
The military was subordinated to the civilian administrators of the scholar-gentry, leaving the dynasty vulnerable to nomadic dynasties on the frontier.
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Under the Song emperors, the scholar-gentry
continued its ascent over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals.
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Zhu Xi was
the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era.
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The growing influence of neo-Confucianism in China during the Tang-Song era
led to reinforcement of class, age, and gender distinctions.
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What Song prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to introduce reforms based on the Legalist school of Confucianism?
Wang Anshi
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What invading group caused the flight of the Song from northern China?
Jurchens
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The era between 220 and 589 that featured endless wars fought by the patchwork of regional kingdoms following the fall of the Han in China was referred to as the __________.
Era of Division
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__________ was a member of a prominent northern family following the fall of the Han who proclaimed himself emperor and established the Sui dynasty.
Wendi
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The second member of the Sui dynasty __________ murdered his father to gain the throne, then restored the Confucian examination system.
Yangdi
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Minister for Yangdi, __________ the Duke of Tang, took over the empire following the assassination of the last emperor of the Sui dynasty.
Li Yuan
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The __________ administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars.
Ministry of Rites
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The title granted to those students who passed the most difficult Chinese examinations on all of Chinese literature was __________.
jinshi
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The __________ variant of Buddhism, more attractive to the members of the Chinese elite, stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty.
Chan
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The __________ variant of Buddhism emphasized the salvationist aspects of the faith and appealed to the masses of Chinese society.
Pure Lands
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__________ was the emperor of the Tang dynasty who openly persecuted the Buddhist monasteries beginning in 840.
Wu Zong
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Raised to the status of royal concubine during the reign of Xuanzong, __________ introduced members of her family into the administration leading to revolt.
Yang Guifei
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Originally a general following the fall of the Tang, __________ was the founder of the Song dynasty.
Zhao Kuangyin
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The most prominent of the Neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty, __________ stressed the importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action.
Zhu Xi
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__________ was a Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in the 1070s who introduced sweeping reforms based on the Legalists.
Wang Anshi
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The nomadic __________ were the founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China and forced the Song to flee to the south.
Jurchens
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The rump state of the Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279 was referred to as the __________.
Southern Song
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Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders were called __________.
Junks
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__________ was a Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage.
Flying Money
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The capital of the Tang dynasty with a population of two million was __________.
Changan
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__________ was the capital of the later Song dynasty.
Hangzhou
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The Chinese counterpart of the Islamic veil and seclusion, __________ produced pain and restricted women's movement outside the household.
footbinding
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The most famous poet of the Tang era, __________ blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings.
Li Bo
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Li Yuan
Known as Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gazou
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Khitans
Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century
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Changan
Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.
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Tangut
Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of Southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226
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Jurchens
Founders of the Qin kinggdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River Basin and forced Song to flee to south.
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Yang Guifei
Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt
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Empress Wu
Tang Ruler 690~705 CE in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created
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Neo-Confucians
Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences
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Wendi
Member of prominent northern Chineses family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty
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Mahayana/Pure Land Buddhism
Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society
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Southern Song
Rump state of Song dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history.
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Grand Canal
Built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long.
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Xi Xia
Kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in the mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry.
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Wang Anshi
Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070's; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society
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Xuanzong
Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned form 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion.
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Zhu Xi
Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action.
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Liao dynasty
Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence frmo Song dynasty in China
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Zhao Kuangyin
Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent.
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Yangdi
Second memmber of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618
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Hnagzhou
Capital of later Song dynasty; locted near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million.
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Jin
Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by Jurchen in 1115 after overthroing Liao dynasty
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