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What is the process of organisms use to get energy from organic molecules?
Cellular Respiration
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What is the main goal of Cellular Respiration?
To get energy (in form of ATP)
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Cellular Respiration undergoes two ______ reactions that are 1_____ & 2______
- Hydrolysis
- NADH --> NAD+
- &
- FDH2 --> FADH
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There are ___ types of Cellular Respiration, and they are 1_____ & 2_____
- Two
- 1. Aerobic
- &
- 2. Anaerobic
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Occurs in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
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Occurs in lack of xygen
Formula: Organic molecule + O2 --> CO2 + H20 + Energy
Anaerobic Respiration
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What is the main source of fuel for cells?
Glucose Metabolism
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There are ___ stages of Glucose Metabolism?
4
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What are the 4 steps of Glucose Metabolism?
- 1. Glycolysis
- 2. Breakdown of Pyruvate
- 3. Citric Acid Cycle
- 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
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What happens during Glycolysis?
Glucose is converted into two molecules called PYRUVATES
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What do you get from Glycolysis?
1 ATP and 2 NADH
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What happens during the Breakdown of Pyruvate?
Pyruvate is converted to AcetylCoA
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What is created durng the Breakdown of Pyruvate?
1 NADH
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What happens during the Citric Acid Cycle?
AcetylCoA is converted to 2CO2
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What is created during the Citric Acid Cycle?
1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2
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What is another name of Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Electron Transport Chain
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What happens during Oxidative Phosphorylation?
NADH and FADH2 get used to produce 30-34 ATP
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TRUE or FALSE: Glycolysis can occur in the presence and absense of O2?
TRUE
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What is pyruvate?
- A 3-carbon molecule
- *1 glucose = 2 pyruvate
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How many steps and phases are in Glycolysis?
There are 10 steps and 3 phases.
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Where does Glycolysis take place?
In Cytosol
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TRUE or FALSE: Glycolysis is uncommon to all organisms.
- FALSE.
- Glycolysis is COMMON to all organisms.
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What are the three phases of Glycolysis?
- 1. Energy Investment
- 2. Cleavage
- 3. Energy Liberation
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How many steps are in Energy Investments?
1-3
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What happens during Energy Investment?
Uses 2 ATP, 6 Carbon Sugar Glucose --2ATP--> 6 Carbon, 1 Fructose and 6 Biphosphate
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How many steps are in Cleavage?
4&5
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What happens during Cleavage?
F1, 6B --> G3P (two molecules)
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How many steps are in Energy Liberation?
6-10
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What happens during Energy Liberation?
2 G3P --> 2 Pyruvate (each have 3 carbons)
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TRUE or FALSE: Energy Liberation produces 2NADH nad 4 ATP with a net yield of 2 ATP?
TRUE
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A mitochondrial matrix, transport protein that moves pyruvate in on secondary active transporters
Pyruvate
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Secondary active transporters
Symporters
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During the Breakdown of Pyruvate enzyme _______ _______, a catalyst that helps remove CO2
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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During the Breakdown of Pyruvate, add to ____ making whole molecule of ____ producing _____ per pyruvate.
During the Breakdown of Pyruvate, add to CO-ENZYME A making whole molecule of ACETYLCOA produces 1NADH per pyruvate.
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What is another word for the Citric Acid Cycle?
Kreb Cycle
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______ enters cycle + 4 carbons of _____ to make citrate (6 carbons)
ACETYL CoA enters cycle + 4 carbons of OXALOACETATE to make citrate (6 carbons)
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How many carbons are there when GTP/ATP are produced?
4 carbons
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How many times does the cycle run per glucose?
- 2 times
- 4CO2, 2ATP, 2NADH, 2FADH2
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Citric Acid Cycle produes
2CO2, 1 GTP(converts to ATP immediately), 3NADH and 1FADH2
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Where does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?
In the mitochondria
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During the citric acid cycle
properties of WATER add solute to H20 = lower freezing point/higher boiling points
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What is a chemical reaction involving water?
Hydrolysis reaction
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What does an Hydrolysis reaction do?
Breaks down larger molecules
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What is used in Oxidative Phosphorylation to make more ATP?
NADH and FADH2
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How many ATP are created from NADH in Oxidative Phosphorylation?
3 ATP
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How many ATP are created from FADH in Oxidative Phosphorylation?
2 ATP
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TRUE or FALSE: Oxidative Phosphorylation is an Anaerobic process.
- FALSE.
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is an AEROBIC process.
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How many stages are in the Aerobic process of Oxidative Phosphorylation?
2 Stages
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What are the two stages in the Aerobic process of Oxidative Phosphorylation?
- 1. Oxidative Process
- 2. Phosphorylation
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The Oxidative process of Oxidative Phosphorylation works as what?
Electron Transport Chain
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The Phosphoylation process of Oxidative Phosphorylation works as what?
ATP Synthase
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Collection of protein and molecules on the mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain
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Proteins are mainly _____ pumps.
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What happens on the electron transport chain?
Electrons move down hydrogen chain and activate the pumps and the hydrogen is pumped out the matric to inner membrane space.
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What happens when all the hydrogen meet up on the Electron Transport Chain?
They defuse back in
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Where do the electrons come from on the Electron Transport Chain?
NADH and FADH2
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TRUE or FALSE: NADH takes away electrons and starts the process.
- FALSE.
- NADH gives off electrons and starts the process.
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TRUE or FALSE: FADH2 enters after the first pump and activiate the 2nd and 3rd pump.
TRUE.
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Does NADH activate all three pumps?
Yes
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Hydrogen re-enters the mitochondria matrix through protein called _______
ATP Synthase
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What is the final electron acceptor on the Electron Transport Chain?
Oxygen
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What happens when hydrogen moves through ATP Synthase on the Electron Transport Chain?
ATP Synthase spins and the spinning makes ATP (ADP +Pi)
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_______ gives 30-34 ATP
Chemiosmosis
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How do you get 34 ATP?
- Glycolsis - 2NADH
- Pyruvate Acetyl CoA - 2NADH
- Kreb Cycle - 6NADH and 2FADH2
- E- Transport Chain - 6 NADH (10*3=30 ATP) and 2FADH2 (2*2=4 ATP)
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What protein fats get broken down into monomers and enter glycolysis or citric acid cycle at different points?
CARBS
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A protein is what?
An Amino Acid
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Fats are an example of:
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
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Carbs are examples of:
Sugars
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Lack of energy
Anaerobic Metabolism
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TRUE or FALSE: Anaerobic Metabolism has a different final electron acceptor that uses something other than oxygen, like E.Coli uses NO3
TRUE.
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What two things are in the Substrate Level of Phosphorylation in Anaerobic Metabolism?
- 1. Glycolis
- 2. Fermentation
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During Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis produces pyruvate and it gets Fermentated
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