Biology3 Lab2

the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element

a substance that cannot be decomposed into any other subtances by chemical means

CHNOPS

the characteristic number of protons for each element

• 1st: 2
• 2nd: 8
• 3rd: 18
• 4th: 32

a group of chemically combined atoms

a molecule composed of a single element and two atoms

a molecule of at least two different elements

a force that holds atoms together

• a bond formed when one atom shares electron(s) with another atom.
• generally a very strong bond

when one atom donates an electron to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions

a charged particle

a weak attraction between molecules or parts of very large molecules

• a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
• reduces the amount of energy required to complete the reaction ==> increases the speed of reaction

• reactants
• enzyme
• products

pyrocatechol + oxygen === tyrosinase ==> quinone + water

a substance that has a pH of exactly 7

• substances that have a pH of less than 7
• an acid releases H ions when placed in water

• a substance that has a pH of more than 7
• bases release hydroxide ions (OH) when placed in water

OH

H⁺

NaOH ==> Na⁺ + OH^-