rec exam 2 mb.txt

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  1. pure culture isolation path for a large colony?
    • 1. Flame streak plate to get individual colonies
    • 2. Use trypticase soy broth for a general purpose medium
    • 3. Use a MacConkey Agar plate for selective/differential medium
  2. pure culture isolation path for a small colony?
    • 1. Flame streak plate to get individual colonies
    • 2. Use trypticase soy broth for a general purpose medium
    • 3. Blood Agar for enriched medium
  3. What is blood agar supplemented with?
    5% sRBC
  4. what is the function of the blood agar plate?
    detects hemolysins
  5. How does the blood agar plate detect hemolysins?
    enzymes produced by bacteria that breaks down whole red blood cells.
  6. What are the hemolytic paths for staphylcoccus?
    hemolytic or non-hemolytic
  7. What are the hemolytic paths for streptococcus?
    alpha
  8. alpha hemolysis
    partial breakdown of blood cells
  9. why does the alpha hemolysis produce a green color?
    by hydrogen peroxide produced by the bacterium
  10. Beta hemolysis
    complete breakdown of red blood cells due to production of bacterium of the exotoxin
  11. Gamma Hemolysis
    no hemolysis
  12. What are the two different mediums for the MacConkey Agar.
    Selective Medium and Differential Medium
  13. Selective Medium
    Selects one type of organism over another. selects gram negative bacilli and inhibits gram positive microorganism
  14. Concentration of crystal violet dye in the medium inhibits growth of the gram _______ bacteria.
    positive
  15. Differential Medium
    differentiates one organism from another through a biochemical reaction; Differentiation of lactose fermenting organisms from non-lactose fermenting gram negative enteric bacteria.
  16. natural red dye is a _______ indicator
    pH
  17. Lactose Fermenter (Lac+) function
    utilizes lactose is the medium
  18. Lactose Non-Fermenter (Lac-) function
    cannot utilize lactose and will use peptone instead which forms ammonia resulting in an increase in the pH of the agar which produces colorless colonies
  19. Why is enterococci tacked onto streptococci listings?
    they deal with the intestinal
  20. What is the arrangement of staphylococcus?
    irregular clusters
  21. What is the arrangement of streptococcus?
    pairs/chains
  22. How do you get a genus differentiation between staphylococcus and streptococci?
    Catalase Test
  23. Staphylococcus is catalase __________.
    positive
  24. Streptococcus is catalase __________.
    negative
  25. What can be used to differentiate between Staph Aureus and staph epidermidis
    Coagulase Test, free coagulase
  26. what are the two types of coagulase tests?
    cell bound coagulase
  27. What is the cell bound coagulase test?
    clumping factor slide test
  28. What is the free coagulase test?
    extracellular enzyme tube test that uses CRF to make fibrin from fibrinogen.
  29. What hemolytic path does the viridans group undergoes?
    alpha hemolysis
  30. What is MSA?
    Mannitol Salt Agar
  31. what is the selective media in MSA?
    additive 7.5% NaCl
  32. What is the differential media in MSA?
    carbohydrate mannitol; monitor the change of pH of phenol red.
  33. What does staph aureas do to MSA?
    ferments mannitol
  34. What does staph epi do to MSA?
    does not ferment mannitol
  35. Staph aureus hemolytic path?
    hemolytic
  36. staph epi hemolytic path?
    non-hemolytic
  37. What are the 4 biochemical properties that can be used to ID streptococci?
    • growth in 6.5 NaCl
    • sensitivity to bacitracin or optichin
    • bile solubility
    • bile esculin agar (hydrolysis of esculin)
  38. What are the three determinations for enterococci as opposed to streptococci?
    • growth in 6.5% NaCl
    • tolerate 40% bile salts
    • esculin hydrolysis - bile esculin agar
  39. When esculin is hydrolyzed it produces...
    glucose + esculetin
  40. esculetin + __________ makes black colored complex
    ferric citrate
  41. How do you differentiate strept. pneum. from other alpha hemolytic streptococci?
    • optochin sensitivity
    • bile solubility test - bile soluble (cells lysed) [bile activates on autolysin (cellular amidase) that lyses bacteria
  42. How do you differentiate strept. agalactiae from other beta-hemolytic steptococci?
    Positive CAMP test
  43. How do you know if you have a positive CAMP test?
    clear "arrow-shaped" zone of hemolysis due to the two lysins produced by stap. aureus and stept agalactiae.
  44. What culture(agar plate) test is used for Group A streptococci (strep. pyog)
    enriched media (blood plate - beta hemolysis)
  45. What is the way to id the strep. pyog species from the other?
    susceptibility to bacitracin
  46. How do you detect antigens in the strept. pyog (group a streptococcus)
    • clinical specimen - throat swab
    • blood plate agar
    • direct group A antigen test (immunological assay reacts w/ a specific carb in the bacteria cell wall (antigen)
  47. How do you detect antibodies in strep. pyog (group a strepto) ?
    anti SLO (ASO) test
  48. What does the presence of antibodies to streptolysin O confirm?
    Rheumatic Fever (RF), Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)
  49. What are the two bacterial susceptibility tests?
    tube dilution method, plate disk method
  50. Whats another name for the Kirby Bauer method?
    The plate disk method
  51. What culture medium (Agar) Is used for the plate disk method?
    Mueller Hinton Agar
  52. What is the inoculum concentration of the plate disk method?
    "Lawn" on a plate
  53. what is the incubation temperature of the plate disk method?
    37'C
  54. What is the incubation time of the plate disk method?
    24 hours
  55. What is the O2 (oxygen) in the catalase reaction?
    the bubbles that form on the slide
  56. what is the hemolysis of staph. epider.
    Gamma hemolyisis (no hemolysis)
  57. what is the hemolysis of strepto. pyog.?
    beta hemoloysis
  58. staph epi is gram _______.
    positive
  59. strept. pyog is gram ________.
    positive
  60. What is staph epi's pigment production?
    white
  61. What is strept. pyog's pigment prodctuion?
    colorless
  62. all the bacteria we talked about (with the exception of those used on a MacConkey agar plate (large colony)) have this is common...
    all Gram Positive Cocci
  63. what is the hemolysis of strepto. mitis?
    alpha-hemolysis
  64. what is the hemolysis of strepto pneumoniae?
    alpha-hemolysis
  65. what is the hemolysis of entero faecium?
    alpha-hemolysis
  66. Is strept mitis resistant or sensitive to optochin disk?
    Resistant -
  67. is strept pneum. resistant or sensitive to optochin disk?
    sensitive +
  68. is entero faecium resistant or sensitive to optochin disk?
    Resistant -
  69. does strepto. mitis have bile solubility?
    no
  70. does strepto. pneum. have bile solubility?
    yes
  71. does entero. faecium have bile solubility?
    no
  72. How does strept mitis react on a bile esculin agar?
    + black
  73. How does strept pneum. react on a bile esculin agar?
    - no black
  74. How does entero faecium react on a bile esculin agar?
    + black
  75. How does strept mitis react in beef infusion broth?
    + cloudy
  76. How does strept pneum. react in beef infusion broth?
    + cloudy
  77. How does entero faecium react in beef infusion broth?
    + cloudy
  78. How does strept mitis react in 6.5% NaCl?
    - Clear
  79. How does strept pneum. react in 6.5% NaCl
    - Clear
  80. How does entero faecium react in 6.5% NaCl
    + cloudy
  81. What is strep pyog's lancefield group?
    A
  82. What is strep. agalactiae's lancefield group?
    B
  83. What is entero faecalis lancefield group?
    C
  84. What is strep pygo's hemolysis?
    beta-hemolysis
  85. What is strept agalactiae's hemoylsis?
    beta-hemolysis
  86. What is entero faecalis's hemoylsis?
    beta-hemolysis
  87. strep pygo beef infusion broth result?
    + cloudy
  88. Strept agalac beef infusion broth result?
    + cloudy
  89. Entero faecalis beef infusion broth result?
    + cloudy
  90. strep pyog NaCl Broth Result?
    - Clear
  91. strept agalac NaCl Broth result?
    - Clear
  92. Entero faeca NaCl Broth result?
    + Cloudy
  93. strept pyog CAMP test result?
    -
  94. strep agalac CAMP test result?
    + "arrow"
  95. Entero Faecalis CAMP test result?
    -
  96. Strept pyog bacitracin sensitivity?
    + sensitive
  97. Strepto agal bacitracin sensitivity?
    - resistant
  98. entero faecalis bacitracin sensitivity?
    - resistant
  99. strepto pyog bile esculin result?
    - No black
  100. Strepto agalac bile esculin result?
    - No black
  101. Entero faecalis bile esculin result?
    + black
  102. Why does the arrow appear in the CAMP test?
    due to synergistic action of the two lysins.
  103. How big is the gap between inocula on the CAMP test?
    2mm
  104. What is the pigment production of staph epi?
    golden
  105. What is the pigment production of staph aureus?
    golden
  106. Staph epi hemolysis?
    no hemolysis
  107. Staph aurea hemolyisis?
    hemolysis "lysis"
  108. staph epi coagulase test result?
    • Bound "-"
    • negative
  109. staph aureus coagulase test result?
    • Bound "+"
    • positive
  110. Staph epi result on mannitol salt agar?
    "-" pink remains
  111. Staph aureus result on mannitol salt agar?
    "+" turns yellow
  112. Why doe the mannitol salt agar turn yellow when positive?
    due to breakdown of mannitol
  113. What production is the most important differnetial characteristic b/t staph aures and staph. epi.?
    Coagulase production
  114. Bound coagulase (clumping factor) process?
    Converts fibrinogen to fibrin directly
  115. Free coagulase process?
    Free coagulase converts fibrinogen to fibrin with the help of CRF.
  116. What is CRF?
    Coagulase-reacting Factor
  117. What plasma is needed for the bound coagulase test?
    rabbit plasma
  118. What extra solution is used in the free coagulase test?
    saline
  119. how long does the bound coagulase test take?
    10 seconds to observe clumping
  120. how long does the free coagulase test take?
    incubate at room temp for 1-4 hours
  121. What causes strept throat?
    Strept. Pyog.
  122. Clearveiw Strept test accuracy?
    97.7%
  123. Clearview strept test specificity?
    99%
  124. Clearview strept test specificity confidence interval?
    97-100%
  125. Clearview strept test sensitivity?
    95%
  126. Clearview strept test sensitivity confidence interval?
    92.8-99.4%
  127. For ASO testing Ab+ means..
    No lyse = cloudy
  128. For ASO testing Ab- means..
    lyses = clear
  129. What is the titer in the following..... 1:40
    40
  130. Penicillin
    a product of the mold Penicillium notatum or penicillium chrysogenum
  131. Ampicillin
    A semisnythetic
  132. Chloramphenicol
    a product of the soil actinomycete streptomyces venezuelae
  133. Tetracycline
    a product of the soil actinomycete streptomyces aureofaciens
  134. What are the four antibiotic sensi-disk?
    Penicillin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline
  135. To determine susceptibility to antimicrobics use what method?
    plate disk method
  136. What is the bacterial isolates in the plate disk method's turbidity adjusted to?
    McFarland 0.5 Standard
  137. What is a turbidity of McFarland 0.5 standard equivalent to in bacteria per mL?
    1.5 x 10^8 bacteria per mL

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 cooxcooxbananas
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 138858
Filename:
 rec exam 2 mb.txt
Updated:
2012-03-01 05:56:10
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