med term 6

appendix

bile, gall

gallbladder

bile duct

colon

teeth

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

intestine (usually small intestine)

esophagus

stomach

gum(s)

air

cancer

yellow

body

blood

stone, calculus

fungus

excision, removal

surgical repair

suture

tongue

liver

ileum (third part of small intestine)

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

mouth

pancreas

anus, rectum

saliva, salivary gland

rectum

sigmoid colon

nose

straight

small growth

sound

heat

to cut

poison

forming an opening (mouth)

instrument to cut

incision

pain

vomiting

record, writing

process of recording

abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

inflammation

stone, calculus

specialist in study of

study of

enlargement

resembling

pertaining to

condition

specialist

from, away from

through, across

bad; painful; difficult

in, within

above, upon

outside

tumor

abnormal condition, increase (used primarily with blood cells)

digestion

swallowing, eating

discharge, flow

instrument for examining

visual examination

involuntary contraction, twitching

narrowing, stricture

crushing

condition, process

excessive, above normal

under, below, deficient

around

under, below

excess, beyond

appetite

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach)

meal

bile vessel

barium

barium enema; below the elbow

bowel movement

cancer; chronological age; cardiac arrest

calcium; cancer

centimeter

computed tomography

diagnosis

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

fasting blood sugar

family history

gastroesophageal reflux disease

gastrointestinal

glucose tolerance test

hepatitis A virus

hepatitis B virus

heart failure

inflammatory bowel disease

irritable bowel syndrome

intravenous cholangiogram; intravenous cholangiography

lower esophageal sphincter

magnetic resonance imaging

operating room

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

right upper quadrant

upper gastrointestinal

upper gastrointestinal series

ultrasound; ultrasonography

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through intestines

chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle

inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, which may be caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites

abnormal passage from one organ to another, or from a hollow organ to the surface

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

passage of stools containing bright red blood

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum; aka piles

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

ulceration of the colon mucosa

chronic IBD that usually affects the ileum but may affect any portion of the intestinal tract

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by episodes of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and pain

condition characterized by gastrointestinal signs and symptms, including constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating, all in the absence of organic pathology; aka spastic colon

yellow discoloration of the skink mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

condition in which a person accumulates an amount of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

small, tumorlike, benign growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

condition in which polyps project from the mucous membrane of the colon

condition in which polyps develop inn the intestinal tract

open sore or lesion of the skin of mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing or inflamed necrotic tissue

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate, aka UGIS

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

endoscopy of colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum and anal canal

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection; aka hemoccult test

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity

bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that resticts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

procedure for eliminating a stone w/in the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing the stone surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach