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Turnouts consist of three layers. What are they?
- Outer Shell
- Moisture Barrier
- Thermal Barrier
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The outer shell is the exterior layer. It offers the _______ and ______ protection.
physical, flame
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The moisture barrier is the ______ layer, its principle purpose is to prevent passage of _______ into clothing interior.
middle, liquids
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The thermal barrier is the _______ layer, this is the primary layer for _______ _______.
innermost, thermal insulation
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The thermal barrier uses lightweight, ___-______ materials to trap air. It must maintain its "____" or "fluffiness" to retain its insulative qualities.
low-density, "loft"
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Upper back is referred to the _______
Pant and jacket cuffs are also called _______
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outer shells are 5-60% _______. They weigh to 6 to 7.5 ounces/sq yard. They are offered in twill, _____-weave, or _______.
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What material is more flexible but less durable than duck weave.
Twill
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Outer shells are are composed of ________ (NOMEX), PBI, and ________
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The first moisture barriers were flame-resistant coated with _____. They had a high ____ to ____ ratio.
Neoprene
Weight to Bulk
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Alternative moisture barriers were developed based on ______ ______ technology to promote ______.
Microporous film
breathability
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Teflon (goretex or crosstech), flame-retardent polyurethanes (porelle), and polyester (sympatex) are all base forms of _____ products.
Film
(moisture barrier)
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Substrate choices for film products in moisture barriers are ______, and _______ (offered in Europe).
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Moisture barriers are intended to be a relatively lightweight layer in the composite with fabric weights ranging from ___ to ____ grams/sq meter.
3.5 to 5
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Lining systems or thermal barriers typically were made of multiple layers of fabric to provide bulk and air layers. modern thermal barriers use ________ batting materials that entrap air for more effective insulation.
nonwoven
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Betting materials include fibers based on _____, ______, Kermel, Basofil, or other flame-resistant materials.
(thermal barrier)
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Alternative thermal barriers use multiple layers (2 or 3) of a nonwoven fabric, such as ______ ___.
Nomex E89
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Manufacturers have been investigating new material technologies such as ________ materials. These fabrics contain polymers that have increased heat storage capacity. This equals lower ____ and ____.
- phase change
- weight and bulk
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Helmets were historically made of ______
Leather
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The four helmet concerns are:
- Impact Caps
- Electrical Insulation
- Heat/Flame Protection
- Security (how well it stays on the firefighter's head)
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Key components of helmets:
- Shell
- Energy-absorbing system
- Retention system
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Other than leather, firefighter helmets are made of lighterweight materials such as _______ and high performace composites reinforced with ______.
fiberglass, kevlar
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Firefighter helmets are required to use ____ covers.
Ear
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Hoods are typically made of ______ material
knitted
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Per NFPA 1971, protective hoods have _____ insulation requirement that garments.
Lower
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Protective hoods are heavy, single-ply or double-ply materials using Nomex, PBI, P84, Basofil, Kevlar, and __ Rayon Fibers
FR
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Hoods are typically a _________ fit. Some hoods quickly lose their ______ due to use from _______.
- "one size fits all"
- shape, stretching
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