-
Vitamin A (Retinoids)
function?
function: vision, wound healing, sperm formation, pregnancy maintenance
-
Vitamin A (Retinoids)
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- deficiency: keratomalacia (keratin in eye), infertility, eye damage, night blindness
- toxicity: cleft palate, peeling skin, hair loss
- C/C: Stargardt Disease - macular dystrophy & retinitis pigmentosa
-
Vitamin D
function?
Ca2+ & Pi absorption(gut) & reabsorption(kidney)
-
Vitamin D
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- deficiency: pre-eclampsia, bone & teeth malformation
- toxicity: hypercalcemia, weight loss, impaired osteoblast maturation (embryo)
- C/C: Rickets
-
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
function?
antioxidant in RBCs & lung cell membranes
-
Vitamin E
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- deficiency: hemolytic anemia, liver degeneration, flaky skin
- toxicity: rare
- C/C: AVED - ataxia, inability of liver to pass Vit E into blood --> sever neurological defects
-
Vitamin K (Quinone)
function?
Ca2+ chelation; required for blood clotting
-
Vitamin K (Quinone)
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- deficiency: hemorrhage, bone malformation, Ca2+ salts in arteries
- toxicity: hemolytic anemia
- C/C: kernicterus & Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn (HDN) bilirubin accumulates & crosses BBB into brain
kernicterus: chronic bilirubin encephalopathy
-
Water Soluble Vitamins
- The Rhythm Nearly Proved Bio Foli Contagious
- B1 - Thiamin
- B2 - Riboflavin
- B3 - Niacin
- B5 - Pantothenic Acid
- B6 - Pyridoxine
- B7 - Biotin
- B9 - Folate
- B12 - Contagious
C - Ascorbate
-
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
function?
needed for oxidative decarboxylation for enzymes
-
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- deficiency: Beri-Beri, uncoordinated movements, convulsions
- toxicity: rare
- C/C: Wernecke-Korsakoff (confusion, confabulation, uncoordinated)
-
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
function?
FMN & FAD, H+ & electron transfers
-
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- deficiency: psychological deviations, cheilosis, glossitis, seborrhic dermatitis, cleft palate
- toxicity: rare
- C/C: destroyed during phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia
-
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
function?
deficiency?
toxicity?
C/C?
- function: NAD & NADP, H+ & electron transfer
- deficiency: pellagra - 4Ds diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
- toxicity: nicotinic acid - vasodilator
- C/C: Isoniazid - vitamin antagonist (TB drug) & Alcoholics need B3 for detox
-
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
function
deficiency
toxicity
C/C
- function: CoA component
- deficiency: infection, fatigue, vomiting - unspecific
- toxicity: diarrhea
- C/C: stimulates GI after surgery
-
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
function
deficiency
toxicity
C/C
- function: AA metabolism, hormone synthesis, co-factor (transaminase, deaminase, decarboxylase)
- deficiency: microcytic hypochromic anemia, oxalate in urine, neuromotor seizure
- toxicity: dependency, sensory neuropathy & motor coordination loss
- C/C: treats morning sickness
-
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
function
deficiency
toxicity
C/C
- function: needed for Ab & pancreatic amylase formation, carboxylase co-factor
- deficiency: immune suppression, maculosquamous dermatitis, alopecia
- toxicity: None
- C/C: neonatal Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency (MCD) after weaning; Tx: more biotin
-
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
function
C/C
- function: collects C units & donates them for nucleotide formation
- C/C: Sulfanilamide-antibiotic prevents B9 formation
-
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
function
deficiency
toxicity
C/C
- function: mutase cofactor & folate recovery
- deficiency: megaloblastic anemia (lack of DNA), demyelinization (neuro problems)
- toxicity: excreted by kidneys
- C/C: Pernicious Anemia (B12 deficiency)
-
Vitamin C (Ascorbate)
function
deficiency
toxicity
C/C
- function: mineral reuptake & collagen synthesis
- deficiency: scurvy, swollen joints, tooth loss, weak CT
- toxicity: kidney stones, oxidative damage, pregnancy - infant dependency
- C/C: Scurvy - collagen ; common in smokers
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