Psych 10

Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system.

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrolably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then physiological needs become active

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an inrease in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

the body's resting rate of energy expenditure

an eating disorder in which a person (usualy an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underwieght, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve

an eating disorder characteriszed by episodes of overeating usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fastng, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

• the four stages if sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-
• 1.excitement
• 2. plateau
• 3. orgasm
• 4. resolution

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot acieve another orgasm

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by makes and contributing to female sex charcteristics. In non-human femal mammals, estrogn leves peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the opposite sex (heterosexual orientation)

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills

the application of psycholigical concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workspaces

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilities organizational change

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of thing, people, or ideas, for rapidly attaining a high standard

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

treatmeant involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and tranferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

therapy deriving from the psychoanalyrtic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconsciousn forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insght

a variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

• a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses technniques such as active listening withing a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client's growth
• -person-centered therapy

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client-centered therapy

a caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude which CARL ROGERS believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimation of unwanted behaviors

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the the things they fear and avoid

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations or their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

a type of conterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort of exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

a popular intergrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

a group of severe disorders charterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, distrubed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

• psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
• see major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medial condition, tow or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings or worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activites

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

• a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hoplessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
• Fomeraly called manic-depressive disorder

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

• a rare dissociateve disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
• Formerly called multiple personality disorder

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be agressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

• psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.
• See conversion disorder and hypochondasis

a rare somtoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptooms for which no physiological basis can be found

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

an anxiety disorders marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes or intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

an anxiety disorder makrjed by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises