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what are the green algal clades of seedless plants?
chlorophytes and charophytes
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what characteristics do chlorophytes and charophytes have in common? (3)
chlorophylls a and b, store photosynthetic materials as starches, have cell walls made of cellulose
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characteristics in common with charophytes and land plants? (5)
eggs retained in parental organisms, plasmodesmota connect plasma of adjacent cells, growth is apical (at tip) and branching, similar peroxisome enzymes, mechanics of cell divisionan and chloroplast nature, adaptations are to prevent dessication
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What 4 adaptations to land did seedless plants make?
cuticle, gametangia, sporopollenin, mutualistic relationship with mycorrizal fungi.
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what is the waxy covering that slows down dessication in seedless plants?
cuticle
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what are multicellular structures of a gametophyte that enclose and protect gametes and embryos.q
gametangia
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what is the lifecycle of seedless plants?
alternation of generations
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what type of cell division do gametophytes produce gametes through?
mitosis
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what are walled spores. unicellular dispersal units of sporophytes that are produced by meiosis?
sporopollenin
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What is the seedless plants mutualistic relationship with mycorrizal fungi?
allows for more efficient uptake and assimilation of nutrients for roots
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what type of fungus invades roots?
mycorrizal fungi
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What is the major difference between nonvascular and vascular plants?
vascular possess tracheids
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which seedless plants lack true leaves, stems, and roots?
nonvascular land plants
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which plants are short with water transported by diffusion?
nonvascular plants
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what is the dominant generation with haploid cells and are nutritionally independant in nonvascular seedless plants?
gametophyte
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what has diploid cells, protected and nutritionally dependant on gametophytes, and produce haploid spores by meiosis?
sporophytes
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What are haploid dispersal units that generate to form a proteonema, which grows into a new gametophyte
spores
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what are the nonvascular clades?
liverworts, mosses, and hornworts
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