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Mood Disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
- Two principle forms:
- 1. major depressive disorder
2. bipolar disordermanic-depressive disorder
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Major Depressive Disorder
- 3/5 signs of depression:
- 1. lethargy (lack of energy or enthusiasm)
- 2. feelings of worthlessness
- 3. loss of interest in family, friends, activitieslasting two or more weeks
anguish of grief +sluggishness of jet lag
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Bipolar Disorder
alternating between depression and mania
- manic characteristics:
- overtalkative, overactive, elated, fewer inhibitions->poor judgement and reckless behavior
- People w/bipolar disorder:
- Walt WhitmanMark TwainErnest HemingwayGeorge HandelRobert Schumann
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Understanding Mood Disorders
- Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression.
- Depression is widespread
- Compared with men, women are nearly twie as vulnerable to major depression.
- Most major depressive episodes self-terminate
Stressful events related to work, marriage, and close relationship often precede depression
With each new generation, depression is striking earlier(now often in teens) and affecting more people
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The Biological Perspective
Areas of funded interest: genetic predispositions, brain activity, and biochemical imbalance
- Genetic Influences:
- Mood disorders increase if a parent or sibling has a disorderlinkage analysis-examined DNA from effected and uneffected family memers; points to chromosome area
- The Depressed Brain:
- Left frontal lobe likely to be inactive during depressed state
- Norepinephrine(increases arousal, boosts mood) scarce during depression, overabundant during mania
- Seratonin scarce during depression; protein controlling seratonin activity
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Social-Cognitive Perspective
Self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory style
- Negative Thoughts and Negative Mood Interact:
- self-defeating beliefs->learned helplessness
- Depression's Vicious Cycle:
- Negative, stressful event ->negative explanatory style->depressed mood->cognitive and behavioral changes->(fuels negative experience again)
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Schizophrenia
group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
1 out of 100 will develop schizophrenia
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
literally meaning "split mind"
- Disorganized Thinking:
- disorganized thoughts--breakdown of selective attention
- delusions
- paranoid tendencies
- Disturbed Perceptions:
- hallucinations(sensory experiences without sensory stimuation)
- Inappropriate Emotions and Actions:
- inappropriate actions--laughing after talking about death or
- lapse into emotionless state of flat affect
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Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
can strike as early as young people going into maturation to adulthood
- positive symptoms: halluncinations, disoriented talk, inappropriate emotionsnegative symptoms: toneless voice, expressionless face, mute and rigid bodies
- --postive symptoms presence of inappropriate behavior--
- negative symptoms:
- absence of appropriate behavior
- When schizophrenia is slow-developing, recovery is doubtful :(
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Understanding Schizophrenia
- Brain Abnormalities:
- dopamine overactivity-excess of dopamine receptors in brain
NOT DONE
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