JTruett

Primary function of Lymph Vessels

What tissue lacks lymph capillaries? Why?

Where are lacteals located?

What factors drive the flow of lymph in lymphatic vessels?

What are the 2 major types of lymphocytes?

Function of T Cells

Function of B Cells

Where in the lymph node would you find follicles?

Function of the Thymus

Function of the Spleen

Name the forms of tonsils and where they are located

The tonsil that is most likely to be infected

What are Peyer's patch and where are they found?

A functional system consisting of trillions of immune cells and molecules tha inhait lymphatic tissues and circulation providing resistance to diease (immunity)

Cells and molecules PRESENT FROM BIRTH in skin and circulation that protect against invading pathogens.

What are the components of the innate or nonspecific immune system?

Where are surface barriers or external body membranes located in the body?

How do surface barriers protect against infection?

What are some of the chemicals produce in surface barriers?

Cells that ingest large particles and bacteria and break them down

Develop from monocytes that enter tissues

Most dominant phagocyte

What are the primary phagocytic cells of the innate immune system?
where are they located

What is the function of natural killer cells?

How is the function of natural killer cells different from that of lymphocytes?

Name the 4 signs of inflammation?

Main inflammatory chemicals produced by cells of the immune system

What are benefits of local edema produced by exudate containinginflammatory chemicals and proteins?

Function of Interferon (IFN)

Group of plasma proteins that when activate release chemical mediators that amplify inflammatory response, enchance phagocytosis and lyse cells

To make (bacteria or other cells) more susceptible to the action of phagocytes.

Group of complement proteins that inserts into cell membrane to cause cell death

Abnormally high body temp in response to chemicals called pyrogens secreted by leukocytes and macrophages exposed to bacteria and antigens

any substance or agent that tends to cause a rise in body temperature, such as some bacterial toxins

Name the cells that recognize specific foreign substances and act to immobilize, neutralize and destroy them

Antigen-specific, systemic, and have memory

Immune cells present throughout body

Memory cells enhance response to previously encoutnered antigens

Difference in humoral immunity and cellular immunity

Molecules that are not normally present in the body (nonself), and provoke an immune response

a site on the surface of an antigen molecule to which a single antibody
molecule binds; generally an antigen has several or many different
antigenic determinants and reacts with many different antibodies

the ability of an antigen to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes and antibody production

the ability of an antigen to react with the lymphocytes and antibodies

small molecules that are reactive but not immunogenic unless attached to a protein carrier

immunogenic regions of antigen

antigens that are not immunogenic to an individual but strongly immunogenic to others

Self antigens involved in cellular immunity

What is the MHC (self antigen) in humans called?

Produced from lymphoid stem cells in bone marrow

where are Class I MHC located

Where are Class II MHC located

What types of cells express self antigens

these cells become immunocompetent in Bone Marrow

These cells become immunocompetent in Thymus

T cells that strongly bin or are not immunocompetent are weeded out and destroyed, while T cells that weakly bind continue to develop

Engulfs and digest antigens and presents part of theim on its plasma membrane for recognition by T cell receptors

% classes of antibodies

Class of antibody that is the B cell antigen receptor

Most abundant circulating antibody; protects against bacteria, viruss and toxins
primary and secondary responses

Class of antibody rarely in plasma
In skin, mucosae of digestive and respirtory tracts 7 tonsils

Genes for H & L chain proteins contain segments of DNA that are shuffled by somatic recombination
Results in a variation in the antigen specificity of the antibodies produced

The cell that can produce mor than 1 class of antibody

Functions of antibodies

Antibodies bind antigens to form antigen-antibody complexes that inactive antigens or target them for destruction

Large antigen-antibody complexes formed that settle out of solution
Makes easier targets for macrophages

Antibodies bind to antigens on surface of bacteria and mismatched red blood cells
Triggers fixation ancd cell death

IgM binds to antigens on surface of mismatched red blood cells and form large complexes (Clumping)

Antibody binds to active site of toxin and inactivates it

pure antibody preparations produced from a B cell clone used in clinical applications

T cells stimulated by antigen
Leads to lysis of virus infected cells or cancer cells
Elevation of immune response

T Cell receptors bind to antigen-MHC protein complex to form clones

Cytotoxic T cells

Helper T cells

Release chemicals called cytokines that amplify immune response

T Cell Activation

hormone-like glycoproteins released by activated T cells and macrophages

(IL-1 IL-2) Act as costimulators of T cells and T cell proliferation

Include cell toxins and inflammatory factors

These cells are required for adaptive immune responses
Mobilize immune cells and macrophages
Enhance nonspecific defenses

Also called Killer T cells
Directly attack and kill APCs with recognzed foreign antigen/MHC complex on cell surface

Release cytokines that suppress activity of T & B cells
Involved in ending/cleaning up response

Release cytokines to active macrophages in delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Small intestinal population of T cells

Prevention of Rejection or an Organ Transplant

Conditons whre the production or function of immune cells, phagoctyes or complement is impaired or abnormal

Syndrome that is congenital and results from deficits in both T and B cells

condition in which the body produces antibodies and activated cytotoxic T cells that target and destroy one's own body tissue

Types of Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity where contact with allergen sensitizes individual; second contact results in swelling

Hypersensitivity mediated by IgG & IgM

Slower to appear, 1-3 days, mediated by T cells

allergic contact dermatitis