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What 4 components are enveloped viruses made of?
acellular
have nucleic acid (core)
protein coat (capsid)
protein envelope
*enzymes within capsid
What are the 3 components of a naked virus?
nucleic acid (core)
protein coat (capsid)
*enzymes within capsid
What is embedded in the envelope of viruses?
spikes
What is the alternate name for the nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) of a virus?
core
How can viruses survive with only DNA or RNA and not both?
they infect other cells and use that cell's DNA or RNA to reproduce
What do all living cells have in the nucleic area?
DNA and RNA (both)
What is it that surrounds the core?
protein coat (capsid)
What is the capsid?
protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of virus
What are the specific organisms in which a specific virus will infect?
host range organisms
What is viral specificity?
specific cells virus infects of host range organisms
How does viral specificity relate to the cold virus?
only infects epithelial cells in the nose and throat
not harmful because epithelial cells regenerate quickly
How does viral specificty relate to rabies?
only infects brain cells
brain cells dont repair, damage is permanent in survivors
What do the hsot cells of viruses require for a virus to attach?
viral receptors in the membrane
What are the 6 steps of naked virus replication?
attachment (host cell receptors)
penetration (endocytosis)
uncoating (host cell's digestive enzymes remove coat)
building viral parts
release (host cell lyse)
What step of viral replication does endocytosis occur?
penetration
What uncoats teh virus within a host cell?
the host cell's digestive enzymes
How is a naked virus released after replication?
the host cell lyses
What are the 6 steps to enveloped virus replication?
attachment (to host cell receptors)
penetration (membrane fusion of spikes)
uncoating (host cell's digestive enzymes remove coat)
building viral parts
release or "budding out" (host cell's membrane becomes viral envelope)
How does a host cell die when an enveloped virus infects it?
the cell shrinks until it can't function
How does an enveloped virus penetrate a host cell?
the spikes on the envelope of the virus fuse with the host cell's membrane
What type of virus never leaves the body and why?
proviruses
embedded in genetic code
What are 3 types of proviruses?
herpes
papilloma
retro (HIV)
Which 2 of the three types of proviruses are enveloped?
herpes
retro viruses
What is different between a naked/enveloped virus's replication and a pro virus?
after uncoating
...
viral DNA is inserted to host cell's nucelus
(remains for the duration of cell's life)
(becomes active virus when immunity drops)
What is different between herpes virus and retro viruses?
herpes is enveloped
DNA
containing pro virus
retro viruses are enveloped
RNA
containing pro viruses
What type of viruses are papilloma?
naked
DNA containing
pro virus
What are 3 possible effects of pro viruses?
latency
reactivation/recurrence
cancer
What type of cancer is papilloma virus associated with?
cervical cancer
What is the term for a pro virus that has infected a person but shows no signs or symptoms?
latency
What is happening during the reactivation / recurrence effect a pro virus may have?
signs /symptoms return
What are 2 STDs associated with the papilloma pro virus?
cervical/ penile cancer
genital warts
What type of pro virus is HIV?
retro virus
enveloped
What type of pro virus contains reverse transcriptase?
retro virus
What do retro viruses have that turns a host cell's RNA into DNA?
reverse transcriptase
What are the 5 steps for how retro viruses infect cells?
attachment (via spikes)
penetration (membrane fusion)
uncoating (host cell's digestive enzymes)
reverse transcriptase turns RNA into DNA
DNA is intergrated into host cell's nucleus
What is the main problem involving cancer in general?
overproduction of cells
How do viruses relate to cancer?
viral infection affects gene of host cell's DNA for cell reproduction
causes it to stop reproducing or over produce
When is interferon released?
when a cell has become host to a virus
What is the protein that alerts neighboring cells they are in danger of being infected with a virus?
interferon
How does interferon travel to neighboring cells from the cell that made it?
when the cell lyses due to being a host to a virus, the interferon is released along side the virus copies
either the interferon or the virus will make it to neighboring cells first
What do neighboring cells use to interfere with viral production?
interferon
What are the 5 TOURCH agents?
toxoplasma gondii
others (ex. syphylis, HIV, 5th disease, chicken pox)
rubella virus (german measles)
cytomegalovirus
herpes simplex (type 2/ gential herpes)
What is special about TORCH agents?
they are infections that can cross the placenta and harm the fetus
How often do emerging infectious diseases occur?
frequently
What are diseases caused by microorganisms that are new, or changing?
emerging infectious diseases
What is a disease that is discovered within the last 40 years?
emerging infectious disease - new
What is a negative change in a person from a healthy state?
disease
What type of diseases are caused by microorganisms?
infectious diseases
What 3 things would make a disease emerging?
if its new (within 40 yrs)
if its changing (become treatment resistant)
if its a recent outbreak
What are 4 examples of new diseases and what 2 things do they have in common?
bird flu/ swine flu/ H1N1/ avian disease
HIV
SARS
Mad Cow/ v-CJD
all viruses
all shown up in the past 40 years
What are 2 changing diseases and what made them change?
MRSA
TB
changed into drug resistant
Where do emerging infectious diseases occur before they develop in people?
in animals
What is the One Health perspective?
emerging infectious diseases occur in animals before people
animal care and health care communicating globally to treat emerging infectious diseases
increased communication
What 3 things should you do in your profession to administer the One Health perspective?
be aware of norms
be aware of what is abnormal
report what is abnormal
What is one thing that changes to make a disease an emerging infectious disease?
mutations
Author
eingram
ID
142354
Card Set
9microLec
Description
viruses
Updated
3/26/2012, 8:25:12 PM
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