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parody
a comical piece of writing that mocks the characteristics of a specific literary form; calls attention to the ridiculous aspects of its subject through exaggeration of the types of ideas, language, tone, or action in a type of literature or a specific work
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lyric poem
a musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker; have a musical quality achieved through rhythm and such other devices as alliteration and rhyme
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anticlimax
the turning point in a story that is always a letdown; the point at which the reader learns that the story will not turn out the way s/he had expected
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literal language
uses words in their ordinary sense; the opposite of figurative language
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aphorism
a brief, memorable saying that expresses a basic truth; many cultures pass on wisdom in the form of this
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meter
the rhythmical pattern of a poem that is determined by the number and types of stresses, or beats, in each line
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descriptive essay
seeks to convey an impression about a person, place, or object
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critical review
offers one person's judgement of a movie, play, or other performance; this discusses the various elements of the performance and makes a recommendation
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visual essay
presents information or makes a point about a subject through photographs and other visual forms as well as through text
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reflective essay
a writer shares his or her thoughts about and impressions of an idea or experience
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humorous essay
presents the author's thoughts on a sujbect in an amusing way
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expository essay
gives information, discusses ideas, or explains a process
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biography
a form of nonfiction in which a writer tells the life story of another person
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dramatic monologue
a poem or speech in which a fictional character addresses a silent listener
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novel
a long work of fiction that has a plot that explores characters in conflict; may have one or more subplots, or minor stories, and several themes
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simile
a figure of speech in which like or as is used to make a comparison between two unlike ideas
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repetition
the use of any element of language - a sound, word, phrase, clause, or sentence - more than once; poets use alliteration, assonance, rhyme, and rhythm are examples of items used more than once of certain sounds and sound patterns; in both prose and poetry, this is used for musical effects and for emphasis
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autobiography
a form of nonfiction in which a person tells his or her own life story
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atmosphere
the feeling or mood created in a reader by a literary work or passage
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connotation
the set of ideas associated with a word in addition to its explicit meaning; this can be personal, based on individual experiences, but more often will have a cultural meaning to determine a writer's word choices
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technical article
a type of expository writing that explains a procedure, provides instructions, or represents specialized information; often, specialized vocabulary is used
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