-
all substances are made up of :
atoms
-
a substance which contains only one type of atom is called an :
element
-
all the elements are shown on the :
periodic table
-
there are about .... different elements
100
-
substances made up of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together are called :
compounds
-
substances that are mixed together but not not chemically bonded are called :
mixtures
-
chemical reactions between atoms happen because :-
in order to do this atoms will :-
- b) chemical reactions between atoms happen because they want to gain a full outer shell of electrons and so have an electronic configuration the same as a noble gas (a group 0 element)
- a) in order to do this the atoms will give , take or share electrons . Only electrons in the outer shell can do this (i.e. only electrons in the outer shell of an atom are involved in bonding)
-
ionic bonds are formed when a ..... reacts with a ....-....
-
covalents bonds are formed when .... ...-... ... or .....
two non-metals join or react
-
metallic bonds are formed between ... ..
metal atoms
-
intermolecular forces are
weak forces that exist between small molecules like water , they !!!! only exist in simple covalent bonding !!!!
-
during ionic bonding , when atoms form chemical bonds by ..... and ... electrons they form ..... particles called ....
- gaining
- loosing
- charged
- ions
-
during ionic bonding , .... and .. ...-... atoms .... together by .... and .... .... , the metals .... electrons to ....-.. atoms so that both end up with electrons structures like those of the .... ...
- metals
- non-metals
- react
- gaining
- loosing
- electrons
- give
- non-metals
- noble gasses
-
during ionic bonding metal atoms always .... ... and become .... chraged ...... for exapmle Na becomes .....
-
non-metal atoms always ... .... and become .... charged .... for example Cl becomes ...
-
the metals and non-metal ions formed are + and - charged and so are .... to each other . the ....... ... of .... between .... charged ions is very .... . this .... ... of .... is called an .... .....
- attracted
- electrostatic
- force
- attraction
- oppositely
- strong
- strong
- force
- attraction
- ionic bond
-
metal and non-metals react to form ionic compound which are made of giant structures of the oppositely charged ions . these strong ..... .... act in ... directions . ionic compounds have .... melting and boiling points because you have to supply a lot of energy to break a .... of .... ... bonds so that the ions can be .... to move around in a .... or ... state
- electrostatic forces
- all
- high
- lot
- strong ionic
- free
- liquid
- gas
-
draw a diagram to show part of a giant strucyture (lattice) of ions
-
when they are in solid form ionic compounds ... .... electricity . when they are melted or dissolved in water , ionic compunds ... .... electricity . this is because when they are in a liquid form the .... are .... to move and .... the .... (but when they are in soldi form the ions cant move)
- cant conduct
- can conduct
- ions
- free
- carry
- curent
-
draw a diagram to show an ionic reaction between magnesium and chlorine
- magnesium electronic structure : 2,8,2 (needs to lose 2e- to become a magnesium ion Mg2+)
- there are 2 chlorine atoms each atom has an electronic structure of : 2,8,7 (each atom needs to gain 1e- to become a chloride ion Cl-) the end product has a formula of MgCl2
-
draw the ionic bonding forming sodium chloride
-
draw an ionic bond of magnesium oxide
-
draw an ionic bond of calcium chloride
= CaCl2
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