ch 11-14

cervical spine has how many pairs of nerves

there are 31 pairs of

carries info into the brain and spinal cord through cranial and spinal nerves

carries info from the brain to the spinal cord or out of the brain and spinal cord to the effector through cranial and spinal nerves

storing in the brain

functions of neural tissues are

connection between a nerve and a nerve

inside the transmembrane potential is slightly

outside the transmembrane potential is slightly

define resting potential

changes in transmembrane potential primarily occur due to ( ? ) opening and closing in response to stimuli

open when they bind specific chemicals

open in response to physical distortion of membrane

three types of gated channels

occurs along unmyelinated axons

much faster than continuous propogation

is between each schwann cell

specialized communication between neuron and another cell

is space

bears receptors for the neurotransmitters

synapse weakens until neurotransmitter can be replinished

release and binding of neurotransmitters takes -0.2-0.5 msec

Two types of postsynaptic potentials

closest to initial segment where action potential is generated

excitatory neuron has a

inhibitory neuron has a

most often outside our awareness

CNS organization

more complex nerves are

simpler of nerves are

made up of myelinated axons

carry sensory information towards the brain

convey motor commands to the spinal cord

differentiate between sensory nuclei and motor nuclei

a disease that damages the myelin sheaths would affect which portion of the spinal cord?

name the structure of the spinal cord from deep to superficial

dense network of collagen fibers

divide nerve into compartments that contain bundles of axon fasciles

delicate connective tissues surrounding individual axons

specific bilateral region of skin surface monitored by single pair of spinal nerves

clinically important to determine damage or infection of spinal nerve or dorsal root ganglion

viral infection of the dorsal root ganglia

wiring of a single reflex from receptor to effector

reflexes your born with

reflex with more nerves involved

simple reflex

jerking of hand is from what type of reflex?

if you shine a light in one eye and the other eye shuts is a example of what type of reflex?

what are the various types of reflexes

may involve sensory and motor responses on the same side of body or opposite sides

same side-examples are stretch reflex and withdrawal reflex

opposite sides-examples are cross extensor reflex

learned reflex is called

tapered end of actual spinal column

resembles horses tail

what does PMS stand for

dorsal root contains axons of what type of neurons

ventral root contains axons of what type of neurons

shallow longitudinal groove on postierior surface

what gives white matter its color

on the posterior view of the spinal cord, what goes all the way to the edge

three (four) layers of the spinal meninges

what is in the sub arachnoid space

three types of neurons

D-division is

E-division

Rest and digest, D-division, cranio-sacral, and house keeping are AKA's of

fight or flight, E-division, thoracic-lumbar, and survival are AKA's of

the branch on the spinal nerve is called a

cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus are part of

bundle of nerves

c3, c4, and c5 keeps....

big as a thumb around

auditory cortex and visual cortex are what areas

monitors auditory information

monitors sensory activity in auditory cortex and recognizes sounds, such as spoken words

recieves information from lateral geniculate nucleai

monitors activity in visual cortex and interprets results

intergrating sensory information and accessing visual and auditory memories

motor speech area/ regulates patterns in breathing and vocalization needed for normal speech

premotor cortex controlling hand movements is larger for right handed individuals

recognizes faces, understanding 3-d relationships

unusually high percentage of musicians and artists

which bran part is affected in a stroke victim who is unable to speak

information carried by sensory pathway

conscious awareness of sensation

processing centers in spinal cord or brain stem respond before sensations reach cerebral cortex

nociceptors are

thermoreceptors are

chemoreceptors are

mechanoreceptors are

learned motor skills and balance

plans and initiates voluntary motor activity

sensation of pain in part of body othe than actual source

heart attack pain felt in left arm is

goes the opposite direction

rabies is injected into what type of tissues

refers to a number of disorders that affects voluntary motor performance

progressive, degenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebrum

progressive disorder characterized by loss of higher order cerebral functions

deep grooves that subdivide hemispheres

folds in cerbral cortex that increases surface area

shallow depressions in cerebral cortx that seperate adjacent gyri

second largest surface of the brain

coordination and modulation of motor commands from cerebral cortex

structrual and functional link between cerebral hemispheres and rest of CNS

gateway to the cortex

contains centers involved with emotions, autonomic function, and hormone production

contains centers that help maintain consciousness

connects cerebellum to the brain stem

has tracts and relay centers

contains nuclei that function in somatic and visceral motor control

major centers that regulate autonomic function

fluid filled cavities.

lined with ependymal cells

roof- partially formed by thick white matter tract connecting hemispheres (corpus callosum)

narrows to become central canal of spinal cord

6 major regions of the brain

continues with spine

attachment to crista gali

seperates cerebellar hemispheres along midsagital line

provides nurishment, cushioning, protection to the brain and spinal cord

name the layers superficial to deep of the cranial meninges

passes through the foramen magnum

controls the autonomic centers

regulates rhythum

uncoordinated motion

tree of life

final point for ascending sensory information to be relayed or projected to cerebral cortex

acts as a filter, only passing on small portion of sensory information

connects to pituitary gland

cerebral superficial landmarks

On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops

branches of cranial nerves

fight or flight

rest or digest

highly branched

carries info toward other cells

base or inital segment

plasma membrane of axon

ends in synaptic terminal or terminal bulb

blood brain barrier