behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time
Medical Model
the view that psychological disorders are a medical disease w biological origin
DSM-IV
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; the major classification of psychological disorders in the U.S.
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
one of the most common psychological disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following; inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsity
Anxiety Disorders
Psychological disorders involving fears taht r uncontrollable, disportionate to the actual danger the person might bein, and disruptive of ordinary life
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Psychological disorder maked by persisten anxiety for at least six months and which the individual is unable to specifiy the reasons for the anxiety
Panic Disorder
Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror, often w/o warubg abd wut bi soecufuc cause
Phobic Disorder or Phobia
Anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational, overwhelming persisitent fear of a particular object or situation
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety provoking thoughts taht will not go away and/or urges to perform retetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD)
Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic even that has overwhelmed the person's abilities
Mood Disorders
Psychological disorders-the main t ypes of which are depressive disorders and bipolar disorders- in which there is a primary disturbance of mood: prolonged emotion that colors the individual's entire emotional state
Depressive Disorders
Mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression- an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Psychological disorder involving a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks
Dysthymic Disorder (DD)
Mood disorder that is generally more chronic and has fewer symptoms than MMD; the individual is in a depressed mood for most days for at least two years as an adult or at lwast one years as a child or an adolescent
Bipolar Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state
Dissociative Disorders
Psycholgical disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual's conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative disorder in which the individual not only develops amnesia but also unexpectedly travels away from home and sometimes assumes a new identitiy
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Formerly cdalled multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or identities, each w its own memories, behavior, and relationships
Schizophrenia
Severe psycholgical disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes, reffered to as pscyhotic because they are so far removed from reality
Hallucinations
Sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli
Delusions
False, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individuals culture
Referential Thinking
Ascribing personal meaning to compmletely random events
Catatonia
State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time
Flat Affect
The display of little or no emotion a common negative symptom of schizophrenia
Diathesis-Stress Model
View of schizophrenia emphasizing that a combination of biogenetic disposition and stress causes the disorder
Personality Disorders
Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individuals personality
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
A psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
A psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersoanl relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of context
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psycholgical stress