The Heart

Pericardium

• Fibrous Pericardium - superficial layer
• Inelastic dense ireegular connective tissue that anchors the heart to the mediastinum

Serous Pericardium - double layer around the heart

Lubricating fluid in pericardial cavity between the parietal & visceral layer reducing friction between them

• Epicardium (visceral layer of the serous pericardium)
• Myocardium
• Endocardium

• Cardiac muscle tissue making up 95% of heart
• Responsible for pumping action
• Striated like skeletal muscle but involuntary like smooth muscle
• Swirls diagonally around heart in bundles

• Thin layer of endothelium overlying thin layer of connective tissue
• Lines chambers & valves of heart
• Continuous with endothelial lining of large blood vessels attached to heart

• Grooves containing coronary blood vessels & fat
• Each marks boundary between two chambers of the heart

• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Coronary Sinus

Opening in interatrial septum of fetal heart that normally closes after birth

Fossa Ovalis – Remnant of foramen ovale

Tricuspid Valve (Right Atrioventricular Valve)

deoxygenated

InterventricularSeptum

• Raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers that look like ridges
• On inner surface of right & left ventricles

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve aka Left Atrioventricular Valve

• Inferior / Superior Vena Cava & Coronary Sinus
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve (Right Atriaventricular Valve)
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary semilunar valve
• Pulmonary Trunk
• Right & Left Pulmonary Artery
• ---------------------LUNGS (oxygenated)
• Pulmonary Vein
• Left Atrium
• Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve (Aortic Valve)
• Aorta

Blood flow from aorta to body via systemic arteries & returns via systemic veins

Blood flow from heart to pulmonary arties to lungs returning to heart via pulmonary veins

• Blood flow that supplies oxygen to myocardium
• Cardiac muscle tissue continously contract & relax thus need oxygen & nutrients

• Parts of body receiving blood from more than one artery
• Connection of separate parts so they can intercommunicate
• Example: Moycardium

• Alternative routes of blood that reach an organ or tissue
• Example: Heart muscle can still get enough oxygen if a coronary artery is partially blocked

Large vascular sinus in corconary sulcus where deoxygenated blood from myocardium drains and then enters the right the right atrium

Restriction to blood supply usually due to blood vessel factors

Tachycardia

Bradycardia

• Body has a cooled low core temperature
• Metabolism slows reducing oxygen needs in tissues
• Heart & brain can candle short periods
• Used during surgery for heart abnormalities

• Sternum to vertebral column
• First rib to diaphragm