Government Exam 2

citizens' attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions and events

basic priniciples that shape a person's opinions about political issues and events

a cohesive set of belieds that forms a general philophy about the role of government

a specific prefence on a particular issues

the induction of individuals into the political culture; learning the underlying belifes and values on which he political system is base

social institutions, including families and schools that help to shape individauls' basic political beliefs and vaules

a distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the difference in viewes between women and men

today his term refers to those who generally support social and political reform; extensive governmental intervention in the economy; the expansion of federal social services; more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities and women; and greater concern for consumers and the enviroment.

todayd this term refers to those who generally support the social and economic status quo and are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulae and economic arrangements

beleive that a large and powerful government poses a threat to citizen's freedom

the ability to influence govenment and politics

the public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete

scientific instruments for measuring public opinion

a small group selected by researchers to represent the most important characeristics of an entire population

a method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent

a polling method in which respondents are selected at randomfrom a list of ten-digit telephone numbers, with every effort made to aviod bias in the construttion of the sample

polling error that arises based on the small size of the sample

polling error that arises when the sample is not representive of the pop. being studied, which creates errors in overrepresenting or underrepresenting some opinions

failure to indenify the true distribution of opinion within a population because of errors such as ambiguous or poorly worded questions

a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion

attitudes and views that are sepecially important to the indivdual holding them

the impression conveyed by polls that something is important to the public when actaully it is not

a shift in electoral support to the candiate whom public opinion polls report as the front-runner

political activities whose purpose is to influence government

a strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of the legislature

an attempt, usually through the use of paid consultants, to est. a favorable relationship with the public and influence its political opinions

a lawsuit or legal proceeding; as a form of political participation, an attempt to seek relief in a court of law

participation that involves assembling crorwds to confront a government or other official organization

the right to vote

franchise

a state-imposed tax on voters a prerequisite for registration

rendered unconsitution in national elections by the 24th amendment in 1966

the percentage of eligible individuals who actaully vote

status in society based on level of education, income, and occupational prestige

a sense of concern among members of the political community about public, social, and political life, expressed through participation in social and political organization

organized groups that attempt to influence the government by electing their members to important government offices

a political system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to compete effectively for control

the point in history when a new party supplants the ruling party, becoming in turn the dominant political force

occurs every 30 years in the US

the condition in Am gov wherein the presidency is controlled by one party while the opposing party controls one or both houses of Congress

parties that organize to compete against the two major american political parties

an electorate that is allowed to select only one representative from each district; the normal method of representation in the US

an electorate that selects all candidates at large from the whole district; each votes is given the number of votes equivalent to the number of seats to be filled

a type of electoral system in which to win a seat in the parliment or other representative body, a candidate need only recieve the most votes in thhe election, not necessarily a majority of votes cast

a multiple-member district system that allows each political party representation in proportotion to its percentage of the total vote

the formal structure of a political party, including its leadership, election commitees, active memebers, and paid staff

a normally closed meeting of a politatical or legislative group to selec canidates, plan stragety, or make decisions regaurding legistlative matters

a national party political institution that nominates the party's presidential and vic presidentail candiates est. party rules and writes ratifies the party's platform

a party document, written at a national convention, that contains party philosophy, princinples and positions on issues

nonprofit independent groups that receive and disburse funds to influence the nomination, election, or defeat of candiates

strong party organizations in late-19th and early 20th century American cities; led by "bosses" who controlleed party nominations and patronage

the resources avaiable to higher officals, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants licenses or special favors to supporters

money contributed directly to political parties and other organizations for political activites that is not regulated by federal campaign spening laws

an individual voter's psycholical ties to one party or another

partisans who contribute time, energym and effort to support their party and its candidates

the process by which political parties select their candidates for election to public office

an individual who identifies a problem as a political issue and brings a policy proposal into the political agenda

the party that hold the majority of legislative seats in either the house or the senate

the party that holds a minority of legislative seats in either the House or the Senate

congressional elections that do not coincide with a presidentail election also called off year elections

election held to select a party's candidate for the general election

a primary election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to primary day

a primary election in which the voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in to select candiates for the general election

the practice of referring a measure proposed or passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection

procedure to allow voters an opportunity to remove state officals from office before their terms expire

a type of electoral system in which to win a seat in the parliment or other representive body a candiate must receive a majority of all the votes cast in the relevant district

a multiple-memeber district system that allows each political party representation in proportion to its percentage of the total vote

the process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representives.
happens every ten years

apportionment of votes in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantages to one racial or ethnic group or political party

attempts to draw district boundaries so as to create districts made up primarily of disadvantaged or underrepresented minorities

a gerrymandered voting district that improves the chances of minority candidates by making selected minority groups the majority within the district

the result of voters casting their ballot for president or governor and "automatically" voting for the remainder of the party's ticket

an effort by political candiates and their supporters to win the backing of donors political activist and voters in their quest for political office

a candidate running for reelection to a position that he or she already holds

a system in which all of a states presidentail nominating are awarded to the candidate who wins the most votes while runners up recieve no delegates

political activist selected to vote at a party's national convention

a convention delegate position, in democratic conventions, reserved for party officals

a 15 - 30 , or 60 second television campaign commerical that permits a candidates' message to be delivered to a target audience

a media format in which canidates meet with ordinary citizens. allows candidates to deliver messages without the presence of journalists or commentators

voting based on the imagined future performance of a candiate

voting based on the past performnace of a candidate

a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns

nonprofit groups that also engage in issue advocacy