Home
Flashcards
Preview
10microLec
Home
Get App
Take Quiz
Create
What are 3 typical effects of normal flora?
vitamin production
digestion
outcompete pathogens
What may act as an opportunist if found in the wrong area or an overgrowth is found?
normal flora
What are 2 places normal flora are found, generally?
body partys directly exposed to environment
body parts directly open to the environment
What are not found in deep internal body parts?
normal flora
What 3 body parts are normal flora found directly exposed to the environment?
skin
conjuctiva of eye (membrane on white of the eye and eyelid)
inside nose and throat
What 3 openenings are normal flora found in?
lg intestine
urethra
vagina
Why is normal flora not found in the uterus or ovaries of a female?
normal flora would be flushed out via menstrual cycle, acids present, and cilia with mucous
Why is normal flora not found in the bladder or kidneys?
it is constantly flushed out via urine
Why is normal flora not found in the lungs?
microorganisms are trapped by mucous and cilia to be removed
What is the difference between health-care associated illnessed and nosocomial infections?
nosocomial infections are hospital aquired only
health-care associated illnesses can be in any health care setting
What 3 groups are at high risk for quiring a HCI?
young
old
immunosupressed
What 5 factors are needed for a patient to gain a HCI?
low immune response patient
pathogens found in health care
lack of aeseptic technique
other low immune patients surrounding
common organisms found in health care
What are 2 organisms commonly found that lead to HCI?
staph
e. coli
What are 2 ways to control HCI from happening?
proper aeseptic technique
avoid invasive procedures
How do pathogens enter the body?
portals of entry
What is the portal of entry for ringworm?
intact skin
What is the portal of entry for many pathogens?
mucous mebranes
What is the portal of entry for TORCH agents?
crossing the placenta
What is it known as when pathogens make a portal of entry through a break in the skin or mucous membrane?
parenteral introduction
What are the 6 steps a pathogen takes to become a disease?
1. portal of entry
2. adherence/ colonization
3. inavasion (optional)
4. resisting immunity
5. causing damage (signs/symptoms)
6. portal of exit
What step in the pathway of pathogens to become disease is optional for some disease?
invasion
What are chemicals or structures that help an organism cause disease?
virulence factors
What is a virulence factor for an enveloped virus?
spikes on envelope that adhere
What is a virulence factor for tapeworms?
hooks and suckers that adhere to intestines
What is a virulence factor of some bacterium?
capsule that adheres
What are 2 enzymes that pathogens use as virulence factors?
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
What virulence factor digests collagen?
Collagenase
What virulence factor digests hyaluronic acid?
Hyaluronidase
Where is hyaluronic acid found in the body?
it is the matrix material that hold connective tissue together
connective tissue is the msot abundant tissue in the body
What type of organisms are the most harmful?
invasive
What are 3 exmaples of pathogens resisting host defenses?
bacteria capsule resists phagocytosis
bacteria acid fast walls resist phagocytosis
viruses hide in host cells
What are 3 types of damage a pathogen could cause to make disease?
localized
toxins
host mediated (due to immunity)
What are 2 examples of localized damage?
tapeworms in the intestines
protease digests proteins in the gums
What enzyme leads to gingivities, or periodontal disease?
protease
What 3 things can give bacterium the ability to make toxins?
plasmids (F+)
mutations
G-
What kind of damage do toxins cause?
systemic
What are 2 types of toxins?
nedotoxins
exotoxins
What are 3 types of exotoxins?
neurotoxins
enterotoxins
leukocidins
What much exotoxins do to harm cells?
attach to specific receptors on the surface of the cells
What cells do neurotoxins attach to?
neurons
What cells do enterotoxins attach to?
intestines
What cells do leukocidins attach to?
white blood cells
What resists virulence factors?
host immunity
What damage is due to the host's immun e response?
host mediated/ hypersensitivity
What is the step of the pathway of a pathogen causing disease that explains when a pathogen travels form one host to the next?
portal of exit
What is the portal of exit usually?
the same body system as the portal of entry
Author
eingram
ID
144173
Card Set
10microLec
Description
disease principles
Updated
3/27/2012, 2:43:58 PM
Show Answers
Home
Flashcards
Preview