ANAT.Exam.3

1) Parietal Pleura (outer lining)

2) Pleural space

3) Visceral pleura (inward lining)

Adhere together by Serous Fluid.

• 1) Primary Bronchi (hyaline cartilage)
• -Respiratory Epithelium.

2) Secondary Bronchi (hyaline plates)

3) Bronchioles (no cartilage)

• 4) Terminal Bronchioles (no cartilage)
• -Simple Cuboidal Epithelial.

1) Respiratory bronchioles

2) Alveolar ducts ("stem" or "hallway")

• 3) Alveolar sacs ("bunches of grapes")
• • terminal clusters of alveoli
• • atrium = opening into the sac

• 4) Alveoli
• • most of lung volume

• simple squamous cells (“type-I cells”)

• surfactant secreting simple cuboidal cells(“type-II cells”)• alveolar macrophages (“dust cells”)

• alveoli + pulmonary capillaries (squamous) =“Respiratory membrane” or “Air-blood barrier”

• Alveolar pores = communication between alveoli

(artery – capillary - alveoli – vein)

Symp: dilates

Parasymp: constricts

Phrenic Nerve (Cerv. spinal cord segments 3. 4, and 5)

Intercostal Nerves (ventral Rami from T1-T11).

1) CN IX (pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve)

2) CN X (vagus)

Quiet: phrenic & intercostal nerves

Forced: Increased CO2 or decreased O2 =increase speed and other muscles

Inhibit Inspiration: Stretch receptors in lungs.

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX): carotid bodies sense decrease in O2 or increase in CO2.

Vagus Nerve (CN X): aortic bodies sense decrease in O2 or increase in CO2

Intercostal muscles.