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Epicranius
2 Parts:
- Frontal belly
- Origin: galea aponeurotica
- Insertion: Skin of eyebrows and root4 of nose
- Action: Raises the eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin horizontally
- Occipital Belly
- Origin: occipital and temporal bones
- Insertion: Galea Aponeurotica
- Action: Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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Corrugator Supercilli
Origin: arch of the frontal bone above nasal bone
Insertion: Skin og the eyebrow
- Action: draws eyebrows toheyjer and inferorly, wrinkles the forehead vertically (as in frowning)

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Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
Insertion: Tissue of eyelid
Action: Closes eyes
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Zygomaticus
Orgin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: raises lateral corners of the mouth upward (smiling)
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Risorius
Origin: Lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle
Insertion: Skin at angle of mouth
Action: draws corners of lips laterally; tenses lips
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Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: Zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla
Insertion: skin and muscle of upper lip
Action: opens lips; raises and furrows the upper lip
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Depressor Labii Inferioris
Origin: body of mandible lateral to its midline
Insertion: skin and muscle of lower lip
Action: Draws lips inferiorly (as in a pout)
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Oribularis Oris
Origin: arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips
Insertion: encirlces the mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
action: closes lips, kissing and whistling motion
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Mentalis
Origin: mandible below incisors
Insertion: Skin of chin
Action: wrinkles chin, protrudes lower lip
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Buccinator
Muscles of Mastication
Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: oribicularis orbis
Action: Compresses cheeks, holds food between teeth when chewing
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Platysma
Origin: fascia of cherst (over pectorial muscles and deltoid)
Insertion: lower margin of mandible, and kin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: tenses the skin of the neck
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Masseter
Muscles of Mastication
Origin: Zygomatic arch and aygomatic bone
Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure, elevates the mandible
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Temporalis
Muscles of Mastication
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to the zygomatic arch
Action: Closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible
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Medial Pterygoid
Muscles of Mastication
origin: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone
Insertion: medial surface of mandible near its angle
- Action: acts with the lateral pterygoid muscle to protrude (protract) mandible and to promote side to side (grinding) movements

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Lateral Pterygoid
Muscles of Mastication
Origin: greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Insertion: Condyle of mandible and capsule of temporary mandibular joint
- Action: Provides forward sliding and side to side grinding movements of the lower teeth

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Genioglossus
Muscles promoting tongue movements
Origin: internal surface of mandible near symphysis
Insertion: Inferolateral tongue
- Action: Protracts tongue

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Hyoglossus
Muscles promoting tongue movements
Origin: body of greater horn of hyoid bone
Insertion: inferolateral
- Action: depresses tongue

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Styloglossus
Muscles promoting tongue movements
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: inferolateral tongue
- Action: Retracts and elevates tongue

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Digastric
Suprahyoid Muscles
Origin: lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)
Insertion: by a connective tissue loop to the hyoid bone
- Action: open mouth and depress mandible, elevate hyoid and steady it during swollowing and speech

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Stylohyoid
Suprahyoid Muscles
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: hyoid bone
- Action: elevates and retracts hyoid

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Mylohyoid
Suprahyoid Muscles
Origin: medial sruface of mandible
Insertion: hyoid bone and median raphe
- Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, enabling tonghue to exert backward and upward pressure that forced
food into pharynx
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Geniohyoid
Suprahyoid Muscles
Origin: inner surface of mandibular symphysis
Insertion: hyoid bone
- Action: pulls hyoid bone superioroly and anteriorly, shortening floor of mouth and widening pharynx recieving food

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Sternohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
Origin: manubrium and medial end of clavicle
Insertion: lower margin of hyoid bone
Action: depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed
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Sternothyroid
Infrahyoid Muscles
Origin: posterior surface of manubrium and sternum
Insertion: Thyroid Cartilage
- Action: pulls larynx and hyoid bone inferiorly

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Omohyoid
Infrahyoid Muscles
Origin: superior surface of scapula
Insertion: hyoid bone, lower border
- Action: depresses and retracts hyoid bone

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Thyrohyoid
Infrahyoid Muscles
Origin: thyroid cartilage
Insertion: hyoid bone
- Action: depresses hyoid bone or elevate larynx if hyoid is fixed

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Pharyngeal Constrictor muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
Origin: attached anteriorly to mandible and medial pterygoid plate (superior), hyoid bone, and laryngeal cartilages
Insertion: posterior median raphe of pharynx
Action: constrict pharynx during swollowing
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