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intrinsic muscles of the larynx have
both origin and insertion withint he larynx
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landmarks of the larynx 10
- epiglottis
- aryepiglottic folds
- laryngeal aditus
- laryngeal vestibule
- vertricular folds / false vocal folds
- laryngeal ventricle
- true vocal folds
- conus elasticus
- glottis
- pyriform sinuses
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aryepiglottic folds
membrane extending from arytenoid cartilages to epiglottis
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laryngeal aditus
entryway into larynx
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laryngeal vestibule
opening of larynx epiglottis and aditus but above the false vocal folds
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ventricular folds / false vocal folds
located between the laryngeal vestibule and the laryngeal ventricle
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laryngeal ventricle
lateral outpouching between true and false vocal folds
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true vocal folds
- = thyroarytenoid muscles
- = vocal ligaments = upward extension of the conus elasticus
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conus elasticus
also known as the cricothyroid membrane
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glottis
space between true vocal folds
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pyriform sinuses
shallow depressions lateral to aryepiglottic folds at level of vocal folds
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structure of the vocal folds
5 layers
- 1. squamous epithelium - most superficial
- 2. lamina propria
- - superficial layer
- - intermediate layer
- - deep layer
- 3. thyrovocalis muscle
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squamous epithelium
- most superficial extremely thin layer
- glistening white portion
- aids in hdration by retention of fluid
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lamina propria
- comprised of 3 layers
- connective tissue
- superificial, intermediate, and deep layers
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suprficial layer of lamina propria
- very elastic
- made of elastin fibers
- AKA Reinke's space
- very susceptible to swelling
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intermediate layer of lamina propria
elastic fibers
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deep layer of lamina propria
collagen fibers
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thyrovocalis muscle
- deep to lamina propria
- bulk of the vocal folds
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layers of the vocal folds 4
- mucosal epithelium (outer surface covering)
- superficial lamina propia (Reinke's space, covering)
- Intermediate and deep lamina propria (ligament)
- vocalis muscle (deep contractile tissue, body)
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thyroarytenoid
thyrovocalis (vocalis)
- o - angle of the thyroid
- dorsal (inner) surface
- c - back
- ins - vocal process of the arytenoid
- f - independently relaxes vocal folds
- co-operatively tenses vocal folds
- inn - X vagus recurrent laryngeal branch
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thyroarytenoid
thyromuscularis
- o - angle of the thyroid
- dorsal (inner) surface
- c - back
- ins - base and muscular process of the aytenoid
- f - relaxes the vocal folds
- inn - X vagus recurrent laryngeal branch
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posterior cricoaytenoid
- only glottal
- lateral and medial bunches
- o - posterior lamina of the cricoid
- c - obliquely up
- ins - muscular process of the arytwnoid
- function - abducts vocal folds and pulls back arytenoid
- inn - recurrent laryngeal branch of the X Vagus nerve
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lateral cricoarytenoid
- o - upper and lateral borders of cricoid arch
- c - up and back
- ins - muscular process of the arytenoid
- f - adducts the vocal folds and pulls forward on the arytenoid
- inn - recurrent laryngeal brach of X Vagus
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interarytenoids (arytenoids)
transverse arytenoid
- o - lateral - posterior surface of one arytenoid
- ins - lateral - posterior surface of the other arytenoid
- f - adducts the vocal folds and pulls the arytenoids together
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interarytenoids
oblique arytenoid
- o - posterior base of muscular process of one arytenoid
- c - obliquely up
- ins - apex of other arytenoid
- f - adducts the vocal folds and pulls the arytenoids together
- inn - recureent pharyngeal branch of X Vagus
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cricothyroid
- two section : pars recta (vertical) and pars oblique (dorsal)
- o - pars recta - anterior surface of the cricoid beneath arch
- pars oblique - lateral to pars recta
- c - pr - up and out
- po - obliquely up
- ins - pr - lower lamina of the thyroid
- po - between laminae and inferior horns of thyroid
- f - pulls thyroid forward and down
- lengthens the vocal folds
- increases vocal tensoin
- changes pitch
- inn - superior laryngeal branch of the X Vagus
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