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Sternocleidmastoid
Origin: manubeium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
- Action: flexes laterally rotates the head

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Scalenes
Origin: Transerve processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: anterolaterally on first two ribs
Action: elevate first two ribs (aids in respiration), flex and rotate neck
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Splenius
Capitis and Cervicis portions
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes or vertebrae C 7-T 6
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitis), transverse process of C 2-C 4 vertebrae
- Action: extend or hyperextend head

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Erector Spinae
Composed of: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
Prime mover of back extension
- Iliocostalis:
- Origin: iliac crest, inferior 6 ribs, ribbs 3-6
- Insertion: angles of the ribs, transverse processes of the cervical vertebra C6-C4
- Action: extend and laterally flex the vertebral column, maintain erect posture
- Longissimus:
- Origin: transverse process of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
- Insertion: Transverse processes of throracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid prossess aof temporal bone
- Action: Thoracis and cervicis act together to extend and laterally fle vertebral column; capitis extends head and turns face towards same side
- Spinalis:
- Origin: spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
- Insertion: spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
- Action: extends vertebral column

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Semispinalis
Origin: transverse proccesses of C 7-T 12
Insertion: occipital bone (capitis) and spinous process of cervical (cervicis) and thoracic vertebrae T 1-T 4
- Action: Extends vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite side

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Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: iliac crest and lumbar fascia
Insertion: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae L1-L4 and lower margin of 12th rib
- Action: flexes vertebral column laterally

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External Intercostal
Respiratory Muscles
Origin: inferior border of rib above
Insertion: superior border of rib below
- Action: pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage, aide in inspiration

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Internal Intercostals
Respiratory Muscles
Origin: Superior border of rib below
Insertion: Inferior border of rib above
Action: draw ribs together and depress rib cage, aide in forced expiration
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Diaphram
Respiratory Muscles
Origin: inferior, internal surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: central tendon
- Action: Prime mover of inspiration, flattens on contraction

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