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Anonymous
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Why is there only one scientific name?
To avoid confusion of common names like: puma and cougar.
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Besides the binomial nomenclature what else did Linnaeus develop?
A way to classify and organize orgaisms into groups with seven levels.
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What are the seven levels Linnaeus uses?
Domaine, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
(Deaf kids playing catch on freeways get smashed.)
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How are the seven levels of Linnaeus ordered?
General to Very Specific
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What are two problems with traditional classification?
The disagreement of different features and their importance. Which trait is best to classify with? & Body structure/convergent evolution (unrelated look the same ex: bird and bat)
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What does evolutionary classification use?
It uses lines of evolutionary descent to draw boundaries (common ancestry). Ex: Segmentation, exoskeleton, swimming larvae.
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What is cladistic analysis?
A type of evolutionary classification which uses evolutionary innovations to draw boundaries and design family trees.
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What are derived characteristics?
Characteristics that appear in recent parts of the lineage but not in older members.
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What are three characteristics of derived characterisitcs?
- -Uses derived characteristics to construct a cladogram(family tree)
- - Shows evolutionary advances over time
- - Shows how one lineage branched from another
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What can you use to determine relatedness and change in the genetic code over time?
DNA
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Wat does the Molecular Clock do?
using DNA comparisons to determine how long organisms have been evolving independently and looks for common and unique mutations.
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Statement: Mutations may have little or no effect on an organism they accumulate in the DNA at a fairly constant rate. Rarely does it affect the body system or phenotype.
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By looking at DNA we use dissimilarities to do what?
To show how long 2 species have been evolving independently.
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We change the classification system and the placement of organisms as what happens?
As we get new information from research.
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How many kingdonms were known in Linnaeus' time and what were they?
2- Animals and plants
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Today how many domains do we use and what are they?
3- Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
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How many kingdoms do we use today and what are they?
6- Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animlia
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What domain and kingdom are we in?
Eukarya & Animalia
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What are Eubacteria?
Unicellular prokaryotes that have thick rigid cell walls surrounding a cell membrane.
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What do the cell walls of a unicellular prokaryote contain?
The chemical compound peptidoglycan.
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Statement: Eubacteria is ecologically diverse (free living to parasites)
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What is a Eubacteria's food/energy?
Anaerobic or aerobic, photosynthesis
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What is Archaea?
Unicellular prokaryote which live in extreme environment (hot springs, thermal vents, brine pools.
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Unlike Eubacteria, what do Archaea cell walls not have?
Peptidoglycan and the membranes have unusual chemicals.
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What is a Eukarya?
Eukaryote and nucleus
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What is a protista?
Eukaryotic orgaisms that don't fit in any of the other kingdoms. High level of diversity, May be single or multicellular, photodynthetic or heterotrophic.
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What are fungi?
Heterotrophs which feed on dead or decaying matter. Excrete enzymes, digest then ingest smaller macromolecules. Ex: Mushrooms, mold, yeast
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What are plants?
Multicellular organisms that are photosyntheitc autrotrophs. Can't move and have dell walls made out of cellulose. Have specialized tissue (vascular) reproduce by fusion of gametes.
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What is animalia?
Animals, multicellular, heterotrophs that do not have cell walls. Most can move and have specialized tissue (bone, muscle, heart) reproduce by fusion of gametes.
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