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List the three leading causes of death in the United States? Which are nutrition related?
- 1. Heart Disease (nutrition related)
- 2. Cancer
- 3. Stroke
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List the 6 classes of nutrients.
- 1. Carbohydrates (energy yield: 4 kilocals/gram; organic)
- 2. Lipds (energy yield: 9 kilocals/gram; organic)
- 3. Proteins (energy yield: 4 kilocals/gram; organic)
- 4. Vitamins (organic; enable chemical reactions; 13)
- 5. Minerals (inorganic; 16; electrolytes)
- 6. Water (most VITAL)
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What substances, present in fruits and vegetables, provide significant health benefits suchs as reducing rish of cancer?
phytochemicals
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Explain what it means to be an essential nutrient
- Essential nutrients must satisfy three criteria:
- 1. Specific biological function of the nutrient in the body.
- 2. Omission of the nutrient leads to decline in biological functions.
- 3. Replacing the omitted nutrient before permanent damage occurs restores normal biological functions.
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The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences advocates the following percent of calories should come from the energy yielding nutrients:
- 1. Carbs 45%-65%
- 2. Lipids 20%-35%
- 3. Protein 10%-35%
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Define kcalorie
The measurement of nutrient that primarily provides us with calories to meet energy needs.
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In chemistry terms, explain what is meant by the terms "organic"
Carbon-containing
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What hormone is made by the fat cells and influences long-term regulation of fat stores?
Leptin
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Differentiate between hunger and appettite
- -Hunger: physical; biological
- -Appettite: psychological
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Discuss the current factors that can influence American food habits in a negative way.
The NHANES showed that the North Americans consume a wide variety of foods but often do not choose the right balance of foods to me their nutrient needs.
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Food eaten away from home now accounts for close to ___of the American food dollar.
49%
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For student athletes, water is andequate fluid replacement for events lasting less than ___ minutes.
30
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Consuming five or more alcoholic drinks in a row for men, or four alcoholic drinks or more for women, is considered ____.
Binge Drinking
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THE METRIC SYSTEM:
- gram=1/30 of an ounce (28 grams to oz.)
- 5 grams of sugar/salt=1 tsp.
- 1 lb=454 grams
- 1 kg=1000 grams=2.2 lbs.
- liters divided into 1000 units called mL
- one tsp=5 mL
- 1 cup=240 mL
- 1 quart=1 L
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Americans consume approximately 16% of their kcalories as protein, 50% as carbs, and ___as fat.
33%
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The _____is one important region in the brain that influences whether we eat or not.
hypothalamus
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