-
Any substance that produces stupor associated with analgesia and specifically refers to opioids
Narcotics
-
-
Antagonist means
to block
-
The main opioid drug to which all other pain management drugs are compared
morphine
-
Why would agonist-antagonists be preferred over agonist?
Risk for abuse is less
-
What is a common agonist-antagonist in offices?
Tramadol
-
Narcotics treat what kind of pain
moderate to severe acute pain
-
What are the actions of the narcotic agonist?
Slowed peristalsis, reduced cough reflex and hypotension
-
What do agonist analgesics do?
Prevent painful feelings in the CNS
-
What drug would be used for someone who has difficulty breathing caused by heart failure or fluid in the lungs?
Narcotic agonist analgesics
-
Adverse reactions to narcotic analgesic drugs
bradycardia, hypotension, anorexia, confusion, dry mouth, euphoria, fainting, vomiting, pruritus, skin rash, skin itch, slow breathing, SOB
-
What variables are watched most closely for signs of overdosage?
Sleepiness and respiratory rate
-
AABCDEE
Ash about pain, assess pain, believe patient, choose pain control options, deliver interventions, empower patients enable them to control course
-
When should narcotic agonists not be used
stomach or abdomen problem, increased pressure in eyes, head injury or loss of consciousness
-
Geriatric considerations with opioids
should be placed on bowel regimen when opioids are started, propoxyphene and tramadol and methadone must be used with caution
-
Once agonist is metabolized,
pt may feel more pain
-
Cough reflex is reduced by these drugs, so
may be a problem in patients with lung disease
-
Narcotics may produce a faster heart rate in patients with lung disease and a faster heart rate in people with a particular heart rhythm problem
-
Oral narcotic agents take effect
in 15-20 minutes
-
Opioids given PO are much less effective than those given by injection but they last longer than injection meds
-
Narcotic agonists are metabolized by the
liver and leftovers through kidneys; 90% of drug is out within 24 hours
-
When is taking agonist more effective?
Before the patient has severe pain
-
Diet changes when taking agonists
increase fluid intake and fiber
-
When taking the first doses,
pt should lie down for a short period to prevent nausea
-
Each dose of Demerol should be taken
in one half glass of water because if not diluted, can exert a toxic anesthetic effect on mucous membranes
-
Protect morphine from
light and freezing
-
AA narcotics
act through the CNS, possibly through limbic system
-
AAs
usually act like morphine in producing analesgia, euphoria, and respiratory and physical depression; may compete with other narcotics so may produce withdrawal symptoms in pts who are dependent on narcotics; less likely to be abused than pure narcotic agonists
-
Other chemicals that work on pain centers
acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, barbiturate
-
Percocet
oxy and acetaminophen
-
Percodan
oxycodone and aspirin
-
Vicoden
hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen
-
Empirin with codeine
aspirin and codeine
-
Fiorinal with codeine
codeine, aspirin, caffeine, butalalital
-
Tylox
oxycodone and acetaminophen
-
Only AA in oral form
pentazocine
-
Names of AAs
buprenex, stadol, nubain, talwin (pentazocine)
-
Mild to moderate pain
propoxyphene, ethoheptazine, methotrimeprazine
-
Excedrin
aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine
-
-
Methotrimeprazine
injection
|
|
