BIOL141-test 3 -- c.18.txt

The digestive tract is considered _________ the body; it is open at both ends but some things never enter the body systems

motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, storage and elimination, & immune barrier are all functions of ________

the entrance to the digestive system: _________

passageway for food (and air); plays a role in swallowing: ___________

muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach: ____________

a "j-shaped" muscular sac, stores food, secretes gastric juices (HCl, pepsin) & begins protein digestion. (particularly aspirin and alcohol)

a long muscular tube that mixes food with bile and intestinal & pancreatic enzymes. MOST nutrients are digested and absorbed HERE!

opening at the end of the system to expel feces

muscular tube that absorbs water and some nutrients, it stores waste materials (feces)

a blind? [sic] pouch at the junction of small and large intestines

region of large inestine that is the passageway of feces. The stretching of walls stimulates the defecation reflex

regulates defecation

the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas are ________ structures to the digestive system

large organ the the abdominal cavity. secretes bile & emulsifies fats. Role in processing and storing certain nutrients

gland located behind the stomach. secretes enzymes to digest all major nutrients, buffers that neutralize HCl, & release secretions into the small intestine

three pairs of glands that secrete saliva. secretes enzyme amylase, which begins starch digestion.

a small sac, stores bile, & releases bil into small intestine

from the inside (lumen) out, order the layers of the digestive tract: submucosa, muscularis, serosa, mucosa

the parasympathetic NS stimulates most of the digestive system through the ________ nerve. (lower large intestine stimulated by the spinal cord)

preganglionic neurons synapse in what layer of the digestive system?

the ________ Nervous System inhibits peristalsis and secretion, & contracts sphincters

intrinsic sensory neurons in the gut wall act via the __________________ nervous system

salivary ________ begins starch digestion

_____ is the term for a soft mass of food, suitable for swallowing

The tongue functions to _________ food for chewing and swallowing

During swallowing the _________ covers the trachea, or windpipe, to prevent choking. "the swallowing reflex"

Mechanical digestion begins in the _____, while chemical digestion begins in the _____.

deglutition is also known as _____________ (it includes 25 pairs of muscles)

the __________ controls swallowing

bolus is moved down the esophagus to the stomach by movement called _______________

the _________ turns bolus into more managable chyme

the fundus, body, and pyloris are all regions of the ____________. This structure ends in the pyloric sphincter

the stomach is lined with folds called __________

without "intrinsic factor" secretion, the body would not be able to absorb __________

parietal cells within gastric pits in the stomach secrete ________ (regulated by PSNS), while chief cells secrete _________

Alcohol and aspirin are the only common substances to be absorbed in the stomach, due to _________________

treatment for ________ includes K/H pump inhibitors & antibiotics (due to Helicobacter pylori bacteria)

inflammation of the submucosa, caused by the acid eating at it is called __________

The primary function of the stomach is to __________.

The substance present in stomach secretions that does the most damage in heartburn is _________

Which of the following functions in immunity in the digestive system? peristalsis, tounge, HCl, submucosa?

the duodenum, jejunum, and Ileum (DJI) make up the ___________ structure, where there are plenty of villi and microvilli

the velvety appearance of villus and microvilli in the small intestine is called the __________

__________ cells in intestinal cyrpts secrete antibacterial molecules

the digestion of carbohydrates is finished in the ____________

intestinal motility consists of ___________, rather than peristalsis

interstitial cells of Cajal produce ____________: smooth muscule contractions controled automatically

several hundred species of bacteria live in the ______________

added vitamin K and B, fatty acids, absorbed electrolytes, & putting harmful bacteria out of business are benefits of _______ in the large intestine

What is the primary role of the bacteria found in the large intestine?

What is the primary role of the large intestine in digestion?

Which of the following gives the correct order of the organs that food passes through in the digestive system? --1--esophagus, epiglottis, stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, anus --2-- mouth, epiglottis, liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus --3-- mouth, esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, anus --4-- mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? Aid in digestion by producing bile, Convert by-products of protein digestion to urea, Digest food as it passes through the liver on the way to the large intestine, Monitor glucose levels in the blood?

Blood flows from the small intestine to the liver through the ____, then from the liver to the inferior vena cava through the _____.

Without bile, one would be unable to digest ____ completely

Gallstones often block the pancreatic duct, preventing the release of pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum. This would cause problems with the digestion of ________.

People with ___________ have trouble secreting bicarbonate, which can lead to destruction of the pancreas

True or false? Water-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the lacteals, whereas lipid-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the blood capillaries

The primary function of the small intestine is to __________.

What are the fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine called?

Chemical digestion of proteins is confined to which combination of organs in the digestive system?

digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, with _________ breaking it down

a lacteal is a type of ____________ found in villi