History of Civ2

Longest reigning British monarch, last great monarch before political parties took over

Son of converted jew, Radical Tory, 2nd reform bill, PRIME Minister of England

Liberal Reformer, introduced the secret ballot

The Great Antagonists

Would have placed Protestants under catholic rule in Ireland, WWI Postponed this

Republican president of France

Accused of selling war plans to Germany, court martialed

Brilliant but unstable, Fired Bismarck, Led industrial military monarchy

MAde anti-Semitism socially acceptable in Germany

Led to a palace coup, personally interrogated the surviving leaders,"Thought crimes"

Freed serfs, with limitations

Group that hunted down and killed Tsar

Vladimor Ilytich Ulyanov, created a new king of organization the 20th century one party state

Russian state was the patron of Slavs everywhere

"Men of the majority", professional revolutionaries, Split the Russian Social Democratic party, ESSAY QUESTION

Struck bargain with Hungary to prepare for war of revenge against Prussia

Italian Prime minister, Greatest of Cavour's successors, attempted gradual reforms, opposed by Socialist Benito Mussolini

Propogated Darwinism in Germany, abolished any distinction between humanity and nature, Called the cult "monism"

Humanity must live in harmony with "the laws of nature", Chief of the laws was natrual selection

Last great German philospher of the 19th century, Power is the central human lust, nationalist, anti-Semitist

attempt to understand human mind, Sex is the central of human lust

A crash rearmament program launched by the British to keep up with the Germans

Treaty made by Bismarck, Germany-Austria-Italy triangle

Prophesied an American empire, Build battle fleets and seize overseas bases and colonies

Barbed-wire-open-air prisons for the Boers to keep them from supplying the guerillas

Yellow Journalism, Explosion of Maine in Havan Harbor, War between Span and America, Strated with the Phillipines, ended with US receiving Guam, Phillipines, and Puerto Rico

Leader of the dashing "Rough Riders, built Panama Canal

Crushed the Spanish fleet in the Phillippines

McKinley's Secretary of State, urged the powere to preserve an "Open Door" to trade and to respect China's territorial integrity

Founder of Japan's modern army, demanded war to stop Russia from seizing Korea

Peace between Russia and Japan, negotiated by T. Roosevelt

Wily Reich naval official, convinced the Reichstag of need for battle fleet

Civilian chief of the navy after 1911, called the Med fleet home to the North Sea to face William II's Germany, Promised to protect French coast

German chief of the Great Staff, Developed plan for a two front war, planned to strike France first

Nephew of the great Moltke, urged war, "sooner the better"

"The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them again in our lifetime"

Joined France at the Belgian-French border,
120,000 professional forces made the price of German victories very high
“Friction”, remarkably accurate in marksmanship

Taxied French men to war, over 2 million men fought at the battle of the Marne, over 500000 people killed or wounded, French casualties lost 250,000, 80,000 dead, British only 1100 dead, German 250,000 casualties

5 months into the war there were a million dead or wounded, French 900,000 dead or wounded, Moltke’s replacement, “Race to the sea” = a “massacre of the innocents”

Previously retired German General, Crushed the Russian armies on the Eastern Front

Allied Leadership

Germans attacked at the hinge of the French line with heavy artillery fire,French dead: 377,000, German Dead: 337,000 Brought Russia to France’s rescue

Re-election slogan of 1916 - “He kept us out of the war”, Despite U-boat attacks on merchant liners, Wilson did not want to enter the war

German Reich Secretary, Telegraphed Mexico plan to give them American Southwest for Mexican aid, British intercepted deciphered, and delivered Zimmermann’s note to Wilson

The United States joins WWI, Wilson addresses congress: “The world must be safe for democracy”

Seized Power - Bolshevik Revolution, Institutionalized Terror Killed Tsar Nicholas II and his family, Secured an armistice with Germany, Implemented Socialism

British promise of “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people”

Wilson’s famous statement of American war aims, Designed to stop the spread of Communism in Eastern Europe

Commander of US Army in France, brought 1.5 million men with him, by summer of 1918, German troops are terrified, deserting…in March of 1918, 3.8 million German men, 4 months later, suffered a million more casualties

November 11th, 1918, WWI coast at least 20,000,000 lives, military dead, germany 2 million dead, 1.7 million dead Russians, 1.1 austrians, 750000 dead brits, 250000 brit empires, turkey 400000, US 114,000

Quite lenient on Germany, didn’t really solve anything, slapped their hand basically, only 13.5% land loss, Prohibit union of Germany and Austria, Reparation payments $32 billion, Germany denied war guilt, Germany remained in tact

Stock Market Crash - Black Tuesday, October 29th, 1929, World-wide effects, War reparations ceased, Gold standard abandoned, Drastic cuts in industrial production and world trade

Launched a campaign of assassination and urban guerilla war, The IRA assassinated British officials, Hostilities continue to the present day

In 1897, he founded a Zionist Organization to promote his ideal of a Jewish state, After 1933, the Jewish population of Palestine doubled 3 year s

Britain had promised a “responsible government, Britain betrayed that pledge, Nonviolent Civil Disobedience led by Ghandi, Britain promised India independence in 1935

“The Bringer of Enlightenment” in Vietnam, Agent of the Communist International for Southeast Asia, Founded the
Communist party of Indochina

Leading proponent of a Western-style Chinese nationalism, Helped found a political party Guomindang, Strove to give China a constitutional government

Createdan army in southern China with Soviet rifles and advisers, Inherited the Guomindang after Sun’s death in 1925

Chinese Communist Party (founded in 1920-1921) with Soviets, Created an army of peasants and bandits, Propagated a peasant revolt of the cities

In 1934-1935 Mao’s forces marched 6000 miles after Chiang Kai-shek seized Beijing

Sought to make China a Japanese colony, Ironic slogan: “Asia for the Asians”

Pledged New deal, social security

Created 6 million government jobs, Paid the farmers not to plant crops,Protection from mortgage foreclosures, Gave right to organize unions, CreatedSocial Security, Lifted tade barriers, Pushed us in the right direction, however, did not bring recovery

Liquid fueld rocket in 1926, Russia and Germany found it intriguing

Detection of submarines by sound ranging

Detection of aircraft and surface ships by raido ranging

Munich schoolmaster, Justified barbaric racism

Most prominent successor of Nietzche, moral values have no rational basis, urged german youth to serve radical nationalism