Chapter 11

digestive system; respondsible for digesting the food we eat and absorbing the nutrient molecules.

anus

appendix, combining form

appendix

bile

bile duct

common bile duct

colon

colon

diverticulum

duodenum

intestine

esophagus

stomach

liver

ileum

jejunum

abdomen

pancreas

polyps

rectum and anus

rectum

sigmoid colon

stone

protrusion

abnormal condition

digestion

eat, swallow

dropping

surgical crushing

many

the distal opening of the digestive tract to outside of the body

a small puch attached to the cecum, serves no known purpose

a substance produced by the liver and stored in gallbladder, transported to duedenum by the common bile duct; aids in fat digestion

a series of ducts to transport bile between liver, gallbladder, and duodenum

main duct that transports bile from liver or gallbladder to duodenum

the colon receives undigested food from intestine; allows for water to be reabsorbed into body; what remains are called feces. divided into ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

small abnormal pouch that forms off intestinal or colon wall; can become inflamed and infected

the first section of intestine; receives food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and bile from the liver, final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients begins in duodenum

to vomit

receives food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile; absorption of nutrients; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

the muscular tube that carries food from throat to stomach

muscular sac producing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, begins digestive process by mixing food received from esophagus with acid; watery mixture, called chyme, leaves stomach and enters duodenum

watery mixture in stomach resulting from digested food; leaves stomach and enters duodenum

a complex abdominal organ, plays role in digestion by producing bile to aid in fat digestion

the third section of intestine; receives digested food from jejunum and completes process of digestion and nutrient absorption

the second portion of intestine; receives digested foor from duodenum and continues process of digestion and nutrient absorption

a body cavity that houses organs of digestion, reproduction, and excretion

an organ that produces digestive enzymes; pancreatic duct carries these enzymes to duodenum where they aid in good digestion

small mushroom-shaped tumors that grow on mucous membranes of colon and extend into lumen of colon; can become cancerous

final segment of colon; receives feces from the sigmoid colon and stores it prior to elimination

an s-shaped colon; feces passes out of sigmoid colon and into rectum

accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity

• (BE)
• x-ray examination of intestine and colon using barium as contrast medium; also know as lower GI series

chronic liver disease

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mucous membrane ulcers; most often found in ileum

acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection

congenital lack of the connection between esophagus and stomch; food cannot enter stomach

varicose veins in esophagus; result in massive bleeding if rupture

• FOBT
• Clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces, also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test

surgical treatment for obesity; portion of stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food; also called stomach stapling

• (GERD)
• occurs when stomach acid backs up into esophagus

clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers

varicose veins in rectum

obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through digestive tract

occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine

• (IBS)
• disturbance in normal functioning of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress; also called spastic colon

yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes associated with liver disease

very dark, tarry stools due to presence of blood

feeling of urge to vomit

• (O&P)
• clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces

• PUD
• craterlike erosion occurring on mucous membrane of lower ewophagus, stomach and or duodenum; more dangerous if ulcer eats into blood vessel and becomes bleeding ulcer, or if ulcer eats through wall of stomach and becomes a perforated ulcer allowing stomach acid to escape into abdominal cavity

• TPN
• Nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by formation of ulcers on mucous membrane of colon

x-ray examination of esophagus and stomach using barium as contrast medium; also known as barium swallow

length of bowel that becomes twisted around itself