-
gastrointestinal
digestive system; respondsible for digesting the food we eat and absorbing the nutrient molecules.
-
-
appendic/o
appendix, combining form
-
-
-
-
choledoch/o
common bile duct
-
-
-
diverticul/o
diverticulum
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-iasis
abnormal condition
-
-
-
-
-tripsy
surgical crushing
-
-
anus
the distal opening of the digestive tract to outside of the body
-
appendix
a small puch attached to the cecum, serves no known purpose
-
bile
a substance produced by the liver and stored in gallbladder, transported to duedenum by the common bile duct; aids in fat digestion
-
bile ducts
a series of ducts to transport bile between liver, gallbladder, and duodenum
-
common bile duct
main duct that transports bile from liver or gallbladder to duodenum
-
colon
the colon receives undigested food from intestine; allows for water to be reabsorbed into body; what remains are called feces. divided into ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
-
diverticulum
small abnormal pouch that forms off intestinal or colon wall; can become inflamed and infected
-
duodenum
the first section of intestine; receives food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and bile from the liver, final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients begins in duodenum
-
-
intestine
receives food from the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile; absorption of nutrients; consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
-
esophagus
the muscular tube that carries food from throat to stomach
-
stomach
muscular sac producing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, begins digestive process by mixing food received from esophagus with acid; watery mixture, called chyme, leaves stomach and enters duodenum
-
chyme
watery mixture in stomach resulting from digested food; leaves stomach and enters duodenum
-
liver
a complex abdominal organ, plays role in digestion by producing bile to aid in fat digestion
-
ileum
the third section of intestine; receives digested food from jejunum and completes process of digestion and nutrient absorption
-
jejunum
the second portion of intestine; receives digested foor from duodenum and continues process of digestion and nutrient absorption
-
abdomen
a body cavity that houses organs of digestion, reproduction, and excretion
-
pancreas
an organ that produces digestive enzymes; pancreatic duct carries these enzymes to duodenum where they aid in good digestion
-
polyp
small mushroom-shaped tumors that grow on mucous membranes of colon and extend into lumen of colon; can become cancerous
-
rectum
final segment of colon; receives feces from the sigmoid colon and stores it prior to elimination
-
sigmoid colon
an s-shaped colon; feces passes out of sigmoid colon and into rectum
-
ascites
accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity
-
barium enema
- (BE)
- x-ray examination of intestine and colon using barium as contrast medium; also know as lower GI series
-
cirrhosis
chronic liver disease
-
crohn disease
chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mucous membrane ulcers; most often found in ileum
-
dysentery
acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection
-
esophageal atresia
congenital lack of the connection between esophagus and stomch; food cannot enter stomach
-
esophageal varices
varicose veins in esophagus; result in massive bleeding if rupture
-
fecal occult blood test
- FOBT
- Clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces, also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test
-
gastric bypass
surgical treatment for obesity; portion of stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food; also called stomach stapling
-
gastroesophageal reflux disease
- (GERD)
- occurs when stomach acid backs up into esophagus
-
Helicobacter pylori antibody test
clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers
-
hemorrhoids
varicose veins in rectum
-
ileus
obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through digestive tract
-
intussusception
occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine
-
irritable bowel syndrome
- (IBS)
- disturbance in normal functioning of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress; also called spastic colon
-
jaundice
yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes associated with liver disease
-
melena
very dark, tarry stools due to presence of blood
-
nausea
feeling of urge to vomit
-
ova and parasites
- (O&P)
- clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces
-
peptic ulcer disease
- PUD
- craterlike erosion occurring on mucous membrane of lower ewophagus, stomach and or duodenum; more dangerous if ulcer eats into blood vessel and becomes bleeding ulcer, or if ulcer eats through wall of stomach and becomes a perforated ulcer allowing stomach acid to escape into abdominal cavity
-
total parenteral nutrition
- TPN
- Nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth
-
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by formation of ulcers on mucous membrane of colon
-
upper gastrointestinal series
x-ray examination of esophagus and stomach using barium as contrast medium; also known as barium swallow
-
volvulus
length of bowel that becomes twisted around itself
|
|