accepted principles of right or wrong that govern the conduct of a person, the members of a profession, or the actions of an organization
ethics
the accpeted princples of right or wrong governing the cconduct of businesspeople
Business ethics
A strategy or course of actions, that does not violate the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of busniesspeople
Ethical strategy
What is considered normal practice in one nation may be considered _______ in another nation
Unethical
In the international business setting, the most common ethical issues involve
Employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption, and moral obligation of multinational corporations
It is _______for multinational firm to tolerate poor working conditions in its foreign operations or those of its subcontractors
Not ok
Establishing minimal acceptable standards that safeguard the basic rights and dignity of employees, auditing foreign sudsidiaries and subcontractors on a regualr basis to make sure those standards are met, and taking corrective action if they are not, is a ___________
Good way to guard against ethical abuse
The company should not obey the apartheid laws in its won south afircan operations, second the company should do everything within its power to promote the abololition of apartheid laws
Sullivan principles
Often argued that inward investment by multinational can be a force for _________ that ultimately improves the rights of people i nrepressive regimes
Economoical, political, and social progress
Ethical issues arise when _________in host nations are inferior to those in home nation
Environmental regulations
Environmental regulations lack in __________and accordance to critics the results can be higher levels of pollution from the operations of multinationals than would be allowed at home
Developing nations
No one owns the atmosphere or the oceans, but ______both, no matter where the _______orginates, harms all.
Polluting, pollution
The atmosphere and the ocean can be viewed as a global commons from which everyone benefits but for which no one is specifically responsible, in such cases a phenomenon known as the ______________becomes applicable
Tragedy of the commons (names by garret hardin)
Most scientist argue that human industrial and commerical activity is increaseing the amount of carbon dioxcide in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which reflects heat back to the earth's surface warming the globe, as a result
The average temerpature of the earth is increasing
International businesses can and have gained economic advantages by making payemtns to those govt officals is a type of
Corruption
A US law regulating behavior regarding the conduct of international business in the taking of bribes and other unethical actions
Foreign corrupt practices act
Some times known as ________ ,facilitiatinig payemtns are not payments to secures contracts that would not otherwise be secured and nor are they payments to obtain exclusive preferential treatment, rather they are payements to ensure recieving standard treatment, but might not due to obstruction of foregin officials
Speed money or grease payments
OECD convention that obliges member states to make the bribery of foreign public officals a criminal offense
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officals in International Business Transactions
In many countries payoffs to govt officals in the form of _________are a part of life
Speed money
______has a significant negative impact on a countrys growth rate
Corruption
The idea that business people shouldl consider the social consequences of economic actions when making business decisions
Social responsibility
French term that refers to honorable and benevolent behavior considered the responsibility of people of high (noble)birth
Noblesse oblige
From an international viewpoint, some argue that what is ethical depends upon one's
Cultural perspective
A situation in which none of the available alternatives seems ethically acceptable
Ethical dilemma
Generally accepted principles of right and wrong governing the conduct of individuals
Personal ethics
Determinants of ethical behavior
Personal ethics, organization culture, unrealistic performance expectations, decison making processes, leadership
The parent company may pressure expatriate managers to meet ______goals that can only be fulfilled by cutting corners, or acting unethically
Unrealistic
The ________may chooose not to see how they are doing so, allowing such unethical behavior to flourish and persist
Parent company
Unethical behavior in business that sometimes people do not realize to be unethical, they may believe and probably made a good decision on economic logic, not asking is this decision ethical?
Decison making process
The values and norms shared among an organizations employees
Organization culture
_________help establish the culture of an organization, and they set the examples that others follow
Leaders
This philosopical approach either deny the value of business eithics or apply the concept in a very unsatisfactory way
Straw man
Four straw men approaches to business ethics are
Friedman doctrine, cutural realtivism, the righteous moralist, and the naive immoralist
The only social responsibility of business it to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of the law
Freidman doctrine
The belief that eithics are culturally determined and that firms should adopt the ethics of the cultures in which they operate
Cultural relativism (when in rome do as the romans do)
The belief that a multinationals home country standards of eithics are the appropriate ones for companies to follow in foreign countries
Righteous moralism
The belief that if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either
Naive immoralist
Most moral philopsophers see value in ________and ____approaches to business ethics
Utilitarian and kantian
These approaches to ethics hold that the moral worth of actions or practiecs is determined by their consequences
Utilitarian approaches
Draw backs to utilitarian approach
-Measuring benefits, cost and risk of a course of action
-the philosphy omits the consideration of justice
The belief that people should be treated as ends and never as means to the ends of others
Kantian ethics
People have ______and need to be _____as such
Dignity, respected
Twentieth century theories that recognize human beings have fundamental rights and privliges that transcend national boundaries and cultures
Rights and theories
A united nations document that lays down the basic principles of human rights that should always be adhered to
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood
Article 1 of universal declaration of human rights
The rights to just and favorable work conditions, equal pay for equal work, existence worthy of human dignity
Article 23 of univerisal human rights
It is important to know that along with rights come
Obligations
A distribution of economic goods and services that is considered fair and equitable
just distribution
A business's formal statement of ethical priorities
Code of ethics
Individuals or groups that have interest, stake, or claim in the actions and overall performance of a company
Stakeholders
People who work for or own the business, such as employees, directors, and stockholders
Internal stakeholders
The individuals and groups that have some claim on the firm, such as customers, suppliers, and unions
External stakeholders
Standing in the shoes of a stakeholder and asking how a proposed decision might impact the stakeholders
Moral imagination
Enables managers to walk away from a decision that is profitable, but unethical
Moral courage
Which of the following is not one of the five things an international business and its managers can do to amke sure ethical issues are considerd in business decisions?
D.
The tragedy of commons occurs when a resource, owned by the host coountry is overused by all individuals
A. True
B. False
B.
All of the following are exapmles of moral courage expect:
A.
Which business straw men approach to business ethics is best summarized by maximum "when in Rome, do as the Romans do"?
D.
________is a US law regulating behavior regarding the conduct of international business in taking bribes and other unethical actions
A.
______refers to the values and norms that are shared among employees of an organization
A.
Rights that we take for granted in developed countries, such as freedom of speech, are universally accepted
A. True
B. False
B.
Which of the following asserts that if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following eithical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either?
A.
According to a study on the connection between corruption and economic growth in 70 countries:
D.
A UN document inspired by Kantian and rights theories and ratified by almost every country on the planet, that lays down basic principles that should always be adhered to, irrespective of the culture in which one is doing business is the:
