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Describe the 2 types of respiration.
(1) Pulmonary Respiration = ventilation (breathing) and the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) in the lungs
(2) Cellular Respiration = O2 utilisation and CO2 production by the tissues
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What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?
(1) gas exchange between environment and the body
(2) regulation of acid-base balance during exercise
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Describe the nose.
- Provided an airway for respiration
- Moistens and warms entering air
- Filters inspired air
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Describe the Pharynx.
- Connects nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx
- Common pathway for food and air
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Describe the 3 functions of the Larynx (voice box).
- Provide opening for air and food
- Voice production
- The epiglottis - prevents food going into the trachea
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Describe the Trachea (windpipe).
- Comprises of rings of cartilage
- Descends from the larynx and divides into two primary bronchi
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Describe the Alveoli.
- At the end of the bronchioles
- Provide a thin barrier and very large surface area for gas exchange by diffusion
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What are the components of the 'conducting zone' (5) and what does it do?
- Components: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchiole tree
- Conducts air to the 'respiratory zone'
- Humidifies, warms and filters air
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What are the components of the 'respiratory zone' (3) and what does it do?
- Components: respiratory bronchioles, alveoli ducts, alveoli
- Exchange of gases between air and blood
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What is the oxygen cascade?
Oxygen passively diffusing from air to cells
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Explain inspiration.
From contraction of the diaphragm, the intrapleural pressure falls, allowing air to flow into lungs
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Explain expiration.
- Stretched lung tissue recoils, releasing air passively (during quiet breathing)
- Changes in volume cause changes in pressure which allows for the flow of gases
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Explain Boyle's Law (volume and pressure).
- Change in volume causes change in pressure.
- Increase volume = decreased pressure
- Decreased volume = increased pressure
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Explain Dalton's Law (partial pressure of gases).
Total pressure of a gass mixture = sum of pressures each gas would exert independently.
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Acid-base balance: What does increased lactic acid production result in?
- Increased concentration of hydrogen ions
- Decreased pH
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