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The Latin word for mask and the origins of the word "personality."
Persona
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Characteristics that describe ways in which people are different from each other. (e.g., shyness)
Traits
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Historically, the study of personality has been based on....
Pseudosciences
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Name two Pseudosciences and describe what they are.
- 1. Physiognomy: the study of facial features
- 2. Phrenology: the study of relationships between a person's characteristics and the morphology of the skull.
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The tendency to believe the accuracy of vague generalities about one's personality.
Barnum Effect
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In contrast to the Barnum Effect, we use what, which is the use of systematically gathered evidence to test theories.
Scientific Inference
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A set of related assumptions that allow scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses.
Scientific theory
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A theory is/does: (6 things)
- 1. Generates research
- 2. Is falsifiable
- 3. Organizes data
- 4. Guides action
- 5. Is Internally consistent
- 6. Is parsimonious (Using the theory that is the clearest and simplest that explains the most about what you're trying to find out.)
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When developing a theory, this approach is when observations are collected and concepts are developed based on data (e.g. case studies)
Inductive approach
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When developing theories, this approach says that conclusions follow logically from the premises of assumptions (e.g. modeling behaviors)
Deductive approach
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When developing theories, this approach is the use of concepts borrowed from related disciplines (e.g. biology, anthropology, sociology)
Analogy Approach
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When developing theories, most theories are developed with which approach?
A combination of inductive, deductive, and analogy
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