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puberty
- starts when secondary sex characteristics appear
- ends when mature sperm cells are formed or when regular menstrual cycles occur
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Male puberty
- begins between 10 - 16
- penis and testes increase in size
- general growth spurt
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female puberty
- first outward change is breast development
- first menstrual period (menarche) occurs 2 to 2.5 years after breasts form
- hips broaden, pubic and auxillary hair
- growth ends earlier than boys
- hips broaden and pelvis assumes basin shape
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the penis
- expels urine
- deposits sperm into the vagina
- consists of glans and body
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functions of the testes
- make sperm
- secrete androgens
- testosterone made in the Leydig cells of the testes
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Role of FSH and LH in the testes
inititates the production of testosterone in the Leydig cells
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Male reproductive ducts
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory ducts
- urethra
-
male accessory glands
- seminal vessicles
- prostate glands
- bulbourethral glands
-
epididymis
stores (matures) for 2 to 10 days and moves sperm to the vas deferens
-
vas deferens
carries the mature sperm into the body to the ejaculatory ducts
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Ejaculatory Duct
Each vas deferens joins the duct from the adjacent seminal vesicle (one of the accessory glands) to form a short (2cm) ejaculatory duct. Each ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra.
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seminal plasma
- secretions from the accessory glands
- nourish sperm
- protect sperm from the acidic vaginal environment
- enhances motility
-
Female external genitalia (vulva)
- Mons Pubis
- Labia Majora
- Labia Minora
- Fourchette
- Clitoris
- Vaginal Vestibule
- Perineum
-
Mons Pubis
Protects the symphasis pubis
-
Labia Majora
2 folds of fatty tissue on each side of the vagina
-
Labia Minora
- 2 thin, soft folds of erectile tissue inside of the labia majora
- Produces bactericidal secretions, lubricates and protect the vulva
-
Fourchette
- Fold of tissue where the labia meet
- aka obstetrical perineum
- lacerations often occur during childbirth
-
Vaginal Vestibule
- Area seen when the labia minora are separated
- Urethral Meatus
- Skene’s Ducts
- Vaginal Introitus
- Hymen
- Bartholin Ducts
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Perineum
Strong, muscularArea between the vagina and the anus, capable of stretching for delivery
-
innominate bones
- 2 sets make up part of the female pelvis
- made up of ilium, pubis and ischium
-
femal pelvis types
- gynecoid: best for vaginal birth, round
- android: wedge-shaped, typical of males
- anthrapoid: oval shaped
- platypelloid: transverse oval, pt usually requires c-section
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alveoli
- milk-secreting lobes within the breast
- separated by adipose tissue
- 15 - 20 lobes
- does not affect breast size
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