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Specific biologic proteins that catalyze biochemical reaction without altering the equilibrium point of the reaction or being consumed or changed in composition.
Enzyme
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An organic cofactor, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Coenzyme
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Catalyze an oxidation-reduction reaction between two substrates.
Oxidoreductase
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Catalyze the transfer of a group other than hydrogen from one substrate to another.
Transferase
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Catalyse hydrolysis of various bonds.
Hydrolases
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Catalyze removal of groups from substrates without hydrolysis; the product contains double bonds.
Lyases
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Catalyze the interconversion of geometric, optical, or posistional isomers.
Isomerase
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Catalyze the joining of two substrate molecules, coupled with breaking of the pyrophosphate bong in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or a similar compound.
Lipase
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Excess energy required to raise all molecules in 1 mole of a compound at a certain temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier.
Activation energy
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What is the equation that depicts the relationship between the enzyme, substrate, and product?
E + S K ES K E + P
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Clinical Significance:
Acid phosphatase (ACP)
Prostatic carcinoma
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Clinical Significance:
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
Hepatic disorder
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Clinical Significance:
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
- Hepatic disorder
- Bone disorder
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Clinical Significance:
Amylase (AMS)
Acute Pancreatitis
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Clinical Significance:
Aspartate amino-transferase (AST)
- Myocardial infarction
- Hepatic disorder
- Skeletal muscle disorder
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Clinical Significance:
Creatine Kinase (CK)
- Myocardial infarction
- Skeletal muscle disorder
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Clinical Significance:
Gluclose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)
Drug induced hemolytic anemia
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Clinical Significance:
gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
Hepatic disorder
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Clinical significance:
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Myocardial infarction
- Hepatic disorder
- Hemolysis
- Carcinoma
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Clinical Significance:
Lipase (LPS)
Acute pancreatitis
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Clinical Significance:
Pyruvate kinase (PK)
Hemolytic anemia
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What is are the three designations of the isoenzymes?
- CK-MM (muscle type)
- CK-MB (hybrid type)
- CK-BB (brain type)
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