FCARDS3.txt

A type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events. ( A flash of lightning signals an impending thunder.)

One learns to associate a response (our behavior) and it's consequence, and thus to repeat acts followed by good results and avoid acts followed by bad results

Learning new behaviors by observing others

Pioneers of classical conditioning

Pioneer of operant conditioning

Pioneer of observational learning

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response

The unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salavation when food is in the mouth

A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
(The bell in Pavlov's study)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

A learned response to a previously neutral( but now conditioned) stimulus

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditional stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer enforced

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

An 11 month old baby feared loud noises but not a white rat. When presented with the rat, he reached to touch the rat. At the same time, the researcher would make a loud noise behind the baby's head. After 7 repeats, he burst into tears at the mere site of a rat. 5 days later, he generalized this fear with other white objects.

Behavior is shaped by good or bad responses, even if not done intentionally. What is this theory?

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by a favorable consequences become more likely

An operant conditioning procedure in which re- enforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli (not to be confused with punishment)

An event that decreases the behavior it follows

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through it association with a primary reinforcer

A chamber containing a bar or a key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking.

What was skinners controversial philosophy?

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

A mental representation of the layout of ones environment ( after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have a learned a mental map of it.)

The persistence of learning overtime through the storage and retrieval of information

The processing of information into the memory system

Retention of encoded information overtime

Process of getting information out of memory storage

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in memory system

A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information, and of info retrieved from long term memory

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the 7 digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotton

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skill, and experiences. ( Limitless capacity and duration)

Unconscious encoding of incidental information; times, space, and frequency, and of well learned information such a word meaning

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort (studying new chapters)

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

The course of forgetting is intentionally rapid, then levels off with time

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image of memory lasting no more than a few 10th of a second

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds

Hey clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

The loss of memory

Memory aids, especially those techniques that uses vivid imagery and organizational devices

Retention independent of conscious recollection

Memory of fact and experiences that 1 can consciously know and "declare"

That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood

What we learn in one state, be at drunk or sober, may be more easily recalled when we are again in that state

Why do we forget?

Forgetting certain aspects of memories ( leaving out a part of a memory that makes you look bad)