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Esophogus.
Function.
Muscularis externa (3; voluntary/involuntary?)
Epithelial lining?
Function: carries food materal (bols) from Oral Cavity to Stomach.
- Externa:
- Upper 1/3 is skeletal (voluntary)
- Inferior 1/3 is smooth (involuntary)
- Middle 1/3 is MIXED.
Lining: stratified squamous epithelia
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Esophogus.
What produces mucus for lubrication?
What is the external layer?
What does it pass through in the thoracic vertebra?
Glands in the submucosa.
External layer: adventitia.
Passes through diaphragm (esophogus hitus; T10)
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Stomach.
The stomach is a site for?
What are the 4 regions of the stomach?
What is significant about the pyloris?
For chemical/mechanical digestion.
- Regions:
- 1) Cardiac
- 2) Fundus
- 3) Body
- 4) Pyloris: to prevent food from leaving stomach.
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Stomach; histology & function.
What are Gastric Pits lined by?
Does the stomach consist of Goblet Cells?
Why two types of mucus? (hint: pH level in stomach)
G. Pits lined by: SIMPLE COLOUMNAR EPI.
NO goblet cells.
Two types of mucus for high acidity level in stomach.
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What cells are found in ALL regions of the stomach? (2)
What protects the stomach from digesting itself?
Gastric pit & gland cells: (simple columnar epi.)
Surface mucous cell secretes?
Mucous neck cell secrete?
Parietal cells secrete?
Cheif cells secrete? (hint: cheif of soda is PEPSI (NOGEN)
Enteroendocrine cells secrete?
- 1) Gastric cells
- 2) Mucus neck cells.
- MUCUS.
- Surface mucous: mucin
- Mucous nect cell: acidic mucin
- Parietal: HCL & intrinsic factor
- Chief: pepsinogen (breaks down protein)
- Entero: gastrin
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When is gastrin produced? (stimulus for gastrin)
What do gastrin cells stimulate?
When food enters the stomach.
- Stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCL.
- -also secretes intrinsic factor
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Gastric Glands are contained in what two parts of stomach? (2)
1) Fundus
2) Body
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Muscularis externa.
What are the 3 layers?
Why do we have 3 layers?
What sphinctor is formed from a thickened middle circular layer?
- 1) innermost oblique
- 2) middle circular
- 3) outer longitudinal
3 layers to help churn food.
Pyloric sphinctor.
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Small Intestine.
A site for?
3 parts of small intestine.
-Which is 12 digits wide?
-Which is also a sphinctor?
Site for absorption of nutrients (carbs, proteins, & fats)
- 1) duodenum (intestine 12 digits wide)
- 2) jejunum
- 3) ilieum (ilieo cecal valve, sphinctor)
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Small intestine.
increase surface area (circular folds + villi) is called?
Thin or thick layer?
Plicae circularis.
Thickened area of submucosa.
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Small intestine; histology & function.
What is the function of the lacteal vessel (capillaries)?
Mucus secreting cells are called?
What do Paneth cells, secrete?
Carries fats and transfer to the lacteal ducts.
Globlet cells: mucus secreting cells.
Paneth: lysozymes (breaks down bacteria).
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Small intestine.
What are Peyer's Patches?
- Peyer's: aggregated lymphoid nodules.
- -macroscopic white patches ONLY in small intestine.
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Small intestine.
What are the 2 layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa?
- 1) inner circular
- 2) outer longitudinal.
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Surface of lumen is modified to increase surface area for absorption.
What is the Plica Circularis?
Villi?
Microvilli?
Crypts?
Paneth cells?
Plica: thickened areas of submucosa (folds + circular)
Villi: macroscopic finger-like projections of the mucosa.
Microvilli: microscopic folds on apical surface of cells.
Crypts: between small intestine & villi.
- Paneth: base of crypts.
- -Lysosome secretion
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Duodenum.
What are Brunner's glands?
Where are submucosal mucus cells found?
What cell stimulate the secretion of cholecystokinin and secretin (1st hormone discovered) when food enters the duodenum?
Bunner's: mucus secreting cells in submucosa.
Found in the Esophogus and Duodenum.
Enteroendocrine cells.
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The 4 basic mucosal types are listed below. Match them to their associated organs and mucosal types.
Protective (organs mnemonic: OPEA; 4 organs)
Secretory (1 organ)
Absorption (1 organ)
Absorption/Protective (1 organ)
- Protective: Stratified Squamous
- -Oral cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Anal canal
- Secretory: Stomach ONLY.
- -Simple Columnar cells (mucous-secreting & mucous neck)
- Absorption: SI only
- -Simple Columnar covering "finger-like" villi, separated by Crypts.
- Absorptive/Protective: LI
- -Simple Columnar cells for water absorption
- -Stratified Squamous (protective) in anal canal
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